Pareto distribution¶
(Source code, png, hires.png, pdf)
![../../_images/openturns-Pareto-1.png](../../_images/openturns-Pareto-1.png)
-
class
Pareto
(*args)¶ Pareto distribution.
- Parameters
- betafloat
Scale parameter
.
- alphafloat,
Shape parameter
.
- gammafloat
Location parameter
.
Notes
Its cumulative and probability distribution functions are defined as:
with
and
.
Its first moments are:
Examples
Create a distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> distribution = ot.Pareto(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
Draw a sample:
>>> sample = distribution.getSample(5)
Methods
abs
()Transform distribution by absolute value function.
acos
()Transform distribution by arccosine function.
acosh
()Transform distribution by acosh function.
asin
()Transform distribution by arcsine function.
asinh
()Transform distribution by asinh function.
atan
()Transform distribution by arctangent function.
atanh
()Transform distribution by atanh function.
cbrt
()Transform distribution by cubic root function.
Compute a bilateral confidence interval.
computeBilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability
(prob)Compute a bilateral confidence interval.
computeCDF
(*args)Compute the cumulative distribution function.
computeCDFGradient
(*args)Compute the gradient of the cumulative distribution function.
Compute the characteristic function.
computeComplementaryCDF
(*args)Compute the complementary cumulative distribution function.
computeConditionalCDF
(*args)Compute the conditional cumulative distribution function.
computeConditionalDDF
(x, y)Compute the conditional derivative density function of the last component.
computeConditionalPDF
(*args)Compute the conditional probability density function.
computeConditionalQuantile
(*args)Compute the conditional quantile function of the last component.
computeDDF
(*args)Compute the derivative density function.
computeDensityGenerator
(betaSquare)Compute the probability density function of the characteristic generator.
computeDensityGeneratorDerivative
(betaSquare)Compute the first-order derivative of the probability density function.
Compute the second-order derivative of the probability density function.
Compute the entropy of the distribution.
computeGeneratingFunction
(*args)Compute the probability-generating function.
Compute the inverse survival function.
Compute the logarithm of the characteristic function.
computeLogGeneratingFunction
(*args)Compute the logarithm of the probability-generating function.
computeLogPDF
(*args)Compute the logarithm of the probability density function.
computeLogPDFGradient
(*args)Compute the gradient of the log probability density function.
Compute the confidence interval with minimum volume.
Compute the confidence interval with minimum volume.
Compute the confidence domain with minimum volume.
Compute the confidence domain with minimum volume.
computePDF
(*args)Compute the probability density function.
computePDFGradient
(*args)Compute the gradient of the probability density function.
computeProbability
(interval)Compute the interval probability.
computeQuantile
(*args)Compute the quantile function.
computeRadialDistributionCDF
(radius[, tail])Compute the cumulative distribution function of the squared radius.
computeScalarQuantile
(prob[, tail])Compute the quantile function for univariate distributions.
Compute the sequential conditional cumulative distribution functions.
Compute the sequential conditional derivative density function.
Compute the sequential conditional probability density function.
Compute the conditional quantile function of the last component.
computeSurvivalFunction
(*args)Compute the survival function.
computeUnilateralConfidenceInterval
(prob[, tail])Compute a unilateral confidence interval.
computeUnilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability
(…)Compute a unilateral confidence interval.
cos
()Transform distribution by cosine function.
cosh
()Transform distribution by cosh function.
drawCDF
(*args)Draw the cumulative distribution function.
drawLogPDF
(*args)Draw the graph or of iso-lines of log-probability density function.
drawMarginal1DCDF
(marginalIndex, xMin, xMax, …)Draw the cumulative distribution function of a margin.
drawMarginal1DLogPDF
(marginalIndex, xMin, …)Draw the log-probability density function of a margin.
drawMarginal1DPDF
(marginalIndex, xMin, xMax, …)Draw the probability density function of a margin.
drawMarginal1DSurvivalFunction
(…[, logScale])Draw the cumulative distribution function of a margin.
drawMarginal2DCDF
(firstMarginal, …[, …])Draw the cumulative distribution function of a couple of margins.
drawMarginal2DLogPDF
(firstMarginal, …[, …])Draw the log-probability density function of a couple of margins.
drawMarginal2DPDF
(firstMarginal, …[, …])Draw the probability density function of a couple of margins.
drawMarginal2DSurvivalFunction
(…[, …])Draw the cumulative distribution function of a couple of margins.
drawPDF
(*args)Draw the graph or of iso-lines of probability density function.
drawQuantile
(*args)Draw the quantile function.
drawSurvivalFunction
(*args)Draw the cumulative distribution function.
exp
()Transform distribution by exponential function.
getAlpha
()Accessor to the distribution’s shape parameter
.
getBeta
()Accessor to the distribution’s scale parameter
.
Accessor to the CDF computation precision.
Accessor to the componentwise centered moments.
Accessor to the Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix.
Accessor to the object’s name.
Accessor to the copula of the distribution.
(ditch me?)
Accessor to the covariance matrix.
Accessor to the componentwise description.
Accessor to the dimension of the distribution.
Dispersion indicator accessor.
getGamma
()Accessor to the distribution’s location parameter
.
getId
()Accessor to the object’s id.
Accessor to the number of Gauss integration points.
Accessor to the inverse Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix.
Accessor to the inverse iso-probabilistic transformation.
Accessor to the iso-probabilistic transformation.
Accessor to the Kendall coefficients matrix.
Accessor to the componentwise kurtosis.
(ditch me?)
getMarginal
(*args)Accessor to marginal distributions.
getMean
()Accessor to the mean.
getMoment
(n)Accessor to the componentwise moments.
getName
()Accessor to the object’s name.
Accessor to the PDF computation precision.
Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
Accessor to the parameter description of the distribution.
Accessor to the number of parameters in the distribution.
Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
Accessor to the Pearson correlation matrix.
Position indicator accessor.
Accessor to the discrete probability levels.
getRange
()Accessor to the range of the distribution.
Accessor to a pseudo-random realization from the distribution.
Accessor to roughness of the distribution.
getSample
(size)Accessor to a pseudo-random sample from the distribution.
Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
Accessor to the shape matrix of the underlying copula if it is elliptical.
getShiftedMoment
(n, shift)Accessor to the componentwise shifted moments.
Accessor to the singularities of the PDF function.
Accessor to the componentwise skewness.
Accessor to the Spearman correlation matrix.
Accessor to the componentwise standard deviation.
Accessor to the standard distribution.
Accessor to the componentwise standard moments.
Accessor to the standard representative distribution in the parametric family.
getSupport
(*args)Accessor to the support of the distribution.
Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
Test whether the copula of the distribution is elliptical or not.
Test whether the copula of the distribution is the independent one.
hasName
()Test if the object is named.
Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
inverse
()Transform distribution by inverse function.
Test whether the distribution is continuous or not.
isCopula
()Test whether the distribution is a copula or not.
Test whether the distribution is discrete or not.
Test whether the distribution is elliptical or not.
Test whether the distribution is integer-valued or not.
ln
()Transform distribution by natural logarithm function.
log
()Transform distribution by natural logarithm function.
setAlpha
(alpha)Accessor to the distribution’s shape parameter
.
setBeta
(beta)Accessor to the distribution’s scale parameter
.
setDescription
(description)Accessor to the componentwise description.
setGamma
(gamma)Accessor to the distribution’s location parameter
.
setIntegrationNodesNumber
(integrationNodesNumber)Accessor to the number of Gauss integration points.
setName
(name)Accessor to the object’s name.
setParameter
(parameter)Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
setParametersCollection
(*args)Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
setShadowedId
(id)Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
setVisibility
(visible)Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
sin
()Transform distribution by sine function.
sinh
()Transform distribution by sinh function.
sqr
()Transform distribution by square function.
sqrt
()Transform distribution by square root function.
tan
()Transform distribution by tangent function.
tanh
()Transform distribution by tanh function.
-
__init__
(*args)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
abs
()¶ Transform distribution by absolute value function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
acos
()¶ Transform distribution by arccosine function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
acosh
()¶ Transform distribution by acosh function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
asin
()¶ Transform distribution by arcsine function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
asinh
()¶ Transform distribution by asinh function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
atan
()¶ Transform distribution by arctangent function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
atanh
()¶ Transform distribution by atanh function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
cbrt
()¶ Transform distribution by cubic root function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
computeBilateralConfidenceInterval
(prob)¶ Compute a bilateral confidence interval.
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- confInterval
Interval
The confidence interval of level
.
- confInterval
Notes
We consider an absolutely continuous measure
with density function
.
The bilateral confidence interval
is the cartesian product
where
and
for all
and which verifies
.
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the bilateral confidence interval at level 0.9:
>>> confInt = paramDist.computeBilateralConfidenceInterval(0.9)
-
computeBilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability
(prob)¶ Compute a bilateral confidence interval.
Refer to
computeBilateralConfidenceInterval()
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- confInterval
Interval
The confidence interval of level
.
- marginalProbfloat
The value
which is the common marginal probability of each marginal interval.
- confInterval
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the bilateral confidence interval at level 0.9 with marginal probability:
>>> confInt, marginalProb = paramDist.computeBilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability(0.9)
-
computeCDF
(*args)¶ Compute the cumulative distribution function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float
CDF input(s).
- Returns
- Ffloat,
Point
CDF value(s) at input(s)
.
- Ffloat,
Notes
The cumulative distribution function is defined as:
-
computeCDFGradient
(*args)¶ Compute the gradient of the cumulative distribution function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float
CDF input.
- Returns
- dFdtheta
Point
Partial derivatives of the CDF with respect to the distribution parameters at input
.
- dFdtheta
-
computeCharacteristicFunction
(*args)¶ Compute the characteristic function.
- Parameters
- tfloat
Characteristic function input.
- Returns
- phicomplex
Characteristic function value at input
.
Notes
The characteristic function is defined as:
OpenTURNS features a generic implementation of the characteristic function for all its univariate distributions (both continuous and discrete). This default implementation might be time consuming, especially as the modulus of
gets high. Only some univariate distributions benefit from dedicated more efficient implementations.
-
computeComplementaryCDF
(*args)¶ Compute the complementary cumulative distribution function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float
Complementary CDF input(s).
- Returns
- Cfloat,
Point
Complementary CDF value(s) at input(s)
.
- Cfloat,
See also
Notes
The complementary cumulative distribution function.
Warning
This is not the survival function (except for 1-dimensional distributions).
-
computeConditionalCDF
(*args)¶ Compute the conditional cumulative distribution function.
- Parameters
- Xnfloat, sequence of float
Conditional CDF input (last component).
- Xcondsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float with size
Conditionning values for the other components.
- Returns
- Ffloat, sequence of float
Conditional CDF value(s) at input
,
.
Notes
The conditional cumulative distribution function of the last component with respect to the other fixed components is defined as follows:
-
computeConditionalDDF
(x, y)¶ Compute the conditional derivative density function of the last component.
With respect to the other fixed components.
- Parameters
- Xnfloat
Conditional DDF input (last component).
- Xcondsequence of float with dimension
Conditionning values for the other components.
- Returns
- dfloat
Conditional DDF value at input
,
.
See also
-
computeConditionalPDF
(*args)¶ Compute the conditional probability density function.
Conditional PDF of the last component with respect to the other fixed components.
- Parameters
- Xnfloat, sequence of float
Conditional PDF input (last component).
- Xcondsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float with size
Conditionning values for the other components.
- Returns
- Ffloat, sequence of float
Conditional PDF value(s) at input
,
.
See also
-
computeConditionalQuantile
(*args)¶ Compute the conditional quantile function of the last component.
Conditional quantile with respect to the other fixed components.
- Parameters
- pfloat, sequence of float,
Conditional quantile function input.
- Xcondsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float with size
Conditionning values for the other components.
- pfloat, sequence of float,
- Returns
- X1float
Conditional quantile at input
,
.
See also
-
computeDDF
(*args)¶ Compute the derivative density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float
PDF input(s).
- Returns
Notes
The derivative density function is the gradient of the probability density function with respect to
:
-
computeDensityGenerator
(betaSquare)¶ Compute the probability density function of the characteristic generator.
PDF of the characteristic generator of the elliptical distribution.
- Parameters
- beta2float
Density generator input.
- Returns
- pfloat
Density generator value at input
.
See also
Notes
This is the function
such that the probability density function rewrites:
This function only exists for elliptical distributions.
-
computeDensityGeneratorDerivative
(betaSquare)¶ Compute the first-order derivative of the probability density function.
PDF of the characteristic generator of the elliptical distribution.
- Parameters
- beta2float
Density generator input.
- Returns
- pfloat
Density generator first-order derivative value at input
.
See also
Notes
This function only exists for elliptical distributions.
-
computeDensityGeneratorSecondDerivative
(betaSquare)¶ Compute the second-order derivative of the probability density function.
PDF of the characteristic generator of the elliptical distribution.
- Parameters
- beta2float
Density generator input.
- Returns
- pfloat
Density generator second-order derivative value at input
.
See also
Notes
This function only exists for elliptical distributions.
-
computeEntropy
()¶ Compute the entropy of the distribution.
- Returns
- efloat
Entropy of the distribution.
Notes
The entropy of a distribution is defined by:
Where the random vector
follows the probability distribution of interest, and
is either the probability density function of
if it is continuous or the probability distribution function if it is discrete.
-
computeGeneratingFunction
(*args)¶ Compute the probability-generating function.
- Parameters
- zfloat or complex
Probability-generating function input.
- Returns
- gfloat
Probability-generating function value at input
.
See also
Notes
The probability-generating function is defined as follows:
This function only exists for discrete distributions. OpenTURNS implements this method for univariate distributions only.
-
computeInverseSurvivalFunction
(point)¶ Compute the inverse survival function.
- Parameters
- pfloat,
Level of the survival function.
- pfloat,
- Returns
- x
Point
Point
such that
with iso-quantile components.
- x
See also
Notes
The inverse survival function writes:
where
. OpenTURNS returns the point
such that
.
-
computeLogCharacteristicFunction
(*args)¶ Compute the logarithm of the characteristic function.
- Parameters
- tfloat
Characteristic function input.
- Returns
- phicomplex
Logarithm of the characteristic function value at input
.
See also
Notes
OpenTURNS features a generic implementation of the characteristic function for all its univariate distributions (both continuous and discrete). This default implementation might be time consuming, especially as the modulus of
gets high. Only some univariate distributions benefit from dedicated more efficient implementations.
-
computeLogGeneratingFunction
(*args)¶ Compute the logarithm of the probability-generating function.
- Parameters
- zfloat or complex
Probability-generating function input.
- Returns
- lgfloat
Logarithm of the probability-generating function value at input
.
See also
Notes
This function only exists for discrete distributions. OpenTURNS implements this method for univariate distributions only.
-
computeLogPDF
(*args)¶ Compute the logarithm of the probability density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float
PDF input(s).
- Returns
- ffloat,
Point
Logarithm of the PDF value(s) at input(s)
.
- ffloat,
-
computeLogPDFGradient
(*args)¶ Compute the gradient of the log probability density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float
PDF input.
- Returns
- dfdtheta
Point
Partial derivatives of the logPDF with respect to the distribution parameters at input
.
- dfdtheta
-
computeMinimumVolumeInterval
(prob)¶ Compute the confidence interval with minimum volume.
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- confInterval
Interval
The confidence interval of level
.
- confInterval
Notes
We consider an absolutely continuous measure
with density function
.
The minimum volume confidence interval
is the cartesian product
where
and
with
is the Lebesgue measure on
.
This problem resorts to solving
univariate non linear equations: for a fixed value
, we find each intervals
such that:
which consists of finding the bound
such that:
To find
, we use the Brent algorithm:
with
a non linear function.
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the confidence interval of the native parameters at level 0.9 with minimum volume:
>>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('Distribution-MinimumVolumeLevelSetSamplingSize', 1000) >>> confInt = paramDist.computeMinimumVolumeInterval(0.9)
-
computeMinimumVolumeIntervalWithMarginalProbability
(prob)¶ Compute the confidence interval with minimum volume.
Refer to
computeMinimumVolumeInterval()
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- confInterval
Interval
The confidence interval of level
.
- marginalProbfloat
The value
which is the common marginal probability of each marginal interval.
- confInterval
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the confidence interval of the native parameters at level 0.9 with minimum volume:
>>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('Distribution-MinimumVolumeLevelSetSamplingSize', 1000) >>> confInt, marginalProb = paramDist.computeMinimumVolumeIntervalWithMarginalProbability(0.9)
-
computeMinimumVolumeLevelSet
(prob)¶ Compute the confidence domain with minimum volume.
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- levelSet
LevelSet
The minimum volume domain of measure
.
- levelSet
Notes
We consider an absolutely continuous measure
with density function
.
The minimum volume confidence domain
is the set of minimum volume and which measure is at least
. It is defined by:
where
is the Lebesgue measure on
. Under some general conditions on
(for example, no flat regions), the set
is unique and realises the minimum:
. We show that
writes:
for a certain
.
If we consider the random variable
, with cumulative distribution function
, then
is defined by:
Thus the minimum volume domain of confidence
is the interior of the domain which frontier is the
quantile of
. It can be determined with simulations of
.
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the confidence region of minimum volume of the native parameters at level 0.9:
>>> levelSet = paramDist.computeMinimumVolumeLevelSet(0.9)
-
computeMinimumVolumeLevelSetWithThreshold
(prob)¶ Compute the confidence domain with minimum volume.
Refer to
computeMinimumVolumeLevelSet()
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- levelSet
LevelSet
The minimum volume domain of measure
.
- levelfloat
The value
of the density function defining the frontier of the domain.
- levelSet
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the confidence region of minimum volume of the native parameters at level 0.9 with PDF threshold:
>>> levelSet, threshold = paramDist.computeMinimumVolumeLevelSetWithThreshold(0.9)
-
computePDF
(*args)¶ Compute the probability density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float
PDF input(s).
- Returns
- ffloat,
Point
PDF value(s) at input(s)
.
- ffloat,
Notes
The probability density function is defined as follows:
-
computePDFGradient
(*args)¶ Compute the gradient of the probability density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float
PDF input.
- Returns
- dfdtheta
Point
Partial derivatives of the PDF with respect to the distribution parameters at input
.
- dfdtheta
-
computeProbability
(interval)¶ Compute the interval probability.
- Parameters
- interval
Interval
An interval, possibly multivariate.
- interval
- Returns
- Pfloat
Interval probability.
Notes
This computes the probability that the random vector
lies in the hyper-rectangular region formed by the vectors
and
:
where the sum runs over the
vectors such that
with
, and
is the number of components in
such that
.
-
computeQuantile
(*args)¶ Compute the quantile function.
- Parameters
- pfloat (or sequence of float),
Quantile function input (a probability).
- tailbool, optional (default=False)
Whether p should be interpreted as the complementary probability.
- pfloat (or sequence of float),
- Returns
Notes
The quantile function is also known as the inverse cumulative distribution function:
-
computeRadialDistributionCDF
(radius, tail=False)¶ Compute the cumulative distribution function of the squared radius.
For the underlying standard spherical distribution (for elliptical distributions only).
- Parameters
- r2float,
Squared radius.
- r2float,
- Returns
- Ffloat
CDF value at input
.
Notes
This is the CDF of the sum of the squared independent, standard, identically distributed components:
-
computeScalarQuantile
(prob, tail=False)¶ Compute the quantile function for univariate distributions.
- Parameters
- pfloat,
Quantile function input (a probability).
- pfloat,
- Returns
- Xfloat
Quantile at probability level
.
See also
Notes
The quantile function is also known as the inverse cumulative distribution function:
-
computeSequentialConditionalCDF
(x)¶ Compute the sequential conditional cumulative distribution functions.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, with size
Values to be taken sequentially as argument and conditioning part of the CDF.
- Xsequence of float, with size
- Returns
- Fsequence of float
Conditional CDF values at input.
Notes
The sequential conditional cumulative distribution function is defined as follows:
ie its
-th component is the conditional CDF of
at
given that
. For
it reduces to
, ie the CDF of the first component at
.
-
computeSequentialConditionalDDF
(x)¶ Compute the sequential conditional derivative density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, with size
Values to be taken sequentially as argument and conditioning part of the DDF.
- Xsequence of float, with size
- Returns
- ddfsequence of float
Conditional DDF values at input.
Notes
The sequential conditional derivative density function is defined as follows:
ie its
-th component is the conditional DDF of
at
given that
. For
it reduces to
, ie the DDF of the first component at
.
-
computeSequentialConditionalPDF
(x)¶ Compute the sequential conditional probability density function.
- Parameters
- Xsequence of float, with size
Values to be taken sequentially as argument and conditioning part of the PDF.
- Xsequence of float, with size
- Returns
- pdfsequence of float
Conditional PDF values at input.
Notes
The sequential conditional density function is defined as follows:
ie its
-th component is the conditional PDF of
at
given that
. For
it reduces to
, ie the PDF of the first component at
.
-
computeSequentialConditionalQuantile
(q)¶ Compute the conditional quantile function of the last component.
- Parameters
- qsequence of float in
, with size
Values to be taken sequentially as the argument of the conditional quantile.
- qsequence of float in
- Returns
- Qsequence of float
Conditional quantiles values at input.
Notes
The sequential conditional quantile function is defined as follows:
where
are defined recursively as
and given
,
: the conditioning part is the set of already computed conditional quantiles.
-
computeSurvivalFunction
(*args)¶ Compute the survival function.
- Parameters
- xsequence of float, 2-d sequence of float
Survival function input(s).
- Returns
- Sfloat,
Point
Survival function value(s) at input(s) x.
- Sfloat,
See also
Notes
The survival function of the random vector
is defined as follows:
Warning
This is not the complementary cumulative distribution function (except for 1-dimensional distributions).
-
computeUnilateralConfidenceInterval
(prob, tail=False)¶ Compute a unilateral confidence interval.
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- tailboolean
True indicates the interval is bounded by an lower value. False indicates the interval is bounded by an upper value. Default value is False.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- confInterval
Interval
The unilateral confidence interval of level
.
- confInterval
Notes
We consider an absolutely continuous measure
.
The left unilateral confidence interval
is the cartesian product
where
for all
and which verifies
. It means that
is the quantile of level
of the measure
, with iso-quantile components.
The right unilateral confidence interval
is the cartesian product
where
for all
and which verifies
. It means that
with iso-quantile components, where
is the survival function of the measure
.
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the right unilateral confidence interval at level 0.9:
>>> confInt = paramDist.computeUnilateralConfidenceInterval(0.9)
Determine the left unilateral confidence interval at level 0.9:
>>> confInt = paramDist.computeUnilateralConfidenceInterval(0.9, True)
-
computeUnilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability
(prob, tail)¶ Compute a unilateral confidence interval.
Refer to
computeUnilateralConfidenceInterval()
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
The confidence level.
- tailboolean
True indicates the interval is bounded by an lower value. False indicates the interval is bounded by an upper value. Default value is False.
- alphafloat,
- Returns
- confInterval
Interval
The unilateral confidence interval of level
.
- marginalProbfloat
The value
which is the common marginal probability of each marginal interval.
- confInterval
Examples
Create a sample from a Normal distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> sample = ot.Normal().getSample(10) >>> ot.ResourceMap.SetAsUnsignedInteger('DistributionFactory-DefaultBootstrapSize', 100)
Fit a Normal distribution and extract the asymptotic parameters distribution:
>>> fittedRes = ot.NormalFactory().buildEstimator(sample) >>> paramDist = fittedRes.getParameterDistribution()
Determine the right unilateral confidence interval at level 0.9:
>>> confInt, marginalProb = paramDist.computeUnilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability(0.9, False)
Determine the left unilateral confidence interval at level 0.9:
>>> confInt, marginalProb = paramDist.computeUnilateralConfidenceIntervalWithMarginalProbability(0.9, True)
-
cos
()¶ Transform distribution by cosine function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
cosh
()¶ Transform distribution by cosh function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
drawCDF
(*args)¶ Draw the cumulative distribution function.
- Available constructors:
drawCDF(x_min, x_max, pointNumber, logScale)
drawCDF(lowerCorner, upperCorner, pointNbrInd, logScaleX, logScaleY)
drawCDF(lowerCorner, upperCorner)
- Parameters
- x_minfloat, optional
The min-value of the mesh of the x-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMin from the
ResourceMap
.- x_maxfloat, optional,
The max-value of the mesh of the y-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMax from the
ResourceMap
.- pointNumberint
The number of points that is used for meshing each axis. Defaults uses DistributionImplementation-DefaultPointNumber from the
ResourceMap
.- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- lowerCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The lower corner
.
- upperCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The upper corner
.
- pointNbrInd
Indices
, of dimension 2 Number of points that is used for meshing each axis.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the CDF.
- graph
See also
Notes
Only valid for univariate and bivariate distributions.
Examples
View the CDF of a univariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal() >>> graph = dist.drawCDF() >>> graph.setLegends(['normal cdf'])
View the iso-lines CDF of a bivariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal(2) >>> graph2 = dist.drawCDF() >>> graph2.setLegends(['iso- normal cdf']) >>> graph3 = dist.drawCDF([-10, -5],[5, 10], [511, 511])
-
drawLogPDF
(*args)¶ Draw the graph or of iso-lines of log-probability density function.
- Available constructors:
drawLogPDF(x_min, x_max, pointNumber, logScale)
drawLogPDF(lowerCorner, upperCorner, pointNbrInd, logScaleX, logScaleY)
drawLogPDF(lowerCorner, upperCorner)
- Parameters
- x_minfloat, optional
The min-value of the mesh of the x-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMin from the
ResourceMap
.- x_maxfloat, optional,
The max-value of the mesh of the y-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMax from the
ResourceMap
.- pointNumberint
The number of points that is used for meshing each axis. Defaults uses DistributionImplementation-DefaultPointNumber from the
ResourceMap
.- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- lowerCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The lower corner
.
- upperCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The upper corner
.
- pointNbrInd
Indices
, of dimension 2 Number of points that is used for meshing each axis.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the log-PDF or its iso_lines.
- graph
See also
Notes
Only valid for univariate and bivariate distributions.
Examples
View the log-PDF of a univariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal() >>> graph = dist.drawLogPDF() >>> graph.setLegends(['normal log-pdf'])
View the iso-lines log-PDF of a bivariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal(2) >>> graph2 = dist.drawLogPDF() >>> graph2.setLegends(['iso- normal pdf']) >>> graph3 = dist.drawLogPDF([-10, -5],[5, 10], [511, 511])
-
drawMarginal1DCDF
(marginalIndex, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScale=False)¶ Draw the cumulative distribution function of a margin.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the margin of interest.
- x_minfloat
The starting value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- x_maxfloat,
The ending value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- n_pointsint
The number of points that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the CDF of the requested margin.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal1DCDF(2, -6.0, 6.0, 100) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal1DLogPDF
(marginalIndex, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScale=False)¶ Draw the log-probability density function of a margin.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the margin of interest.
- x_minfloat
The starting value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- x_maxfloat,
The ending value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- n_pointsint
The number of points that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the log-PDF of the requested margin.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal1DLogPDF(2, -6.0, 6.0, 100) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal1DPDF
(marginalIndex, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScale=False)¶ Draw the probability density function of a margin.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the margin of interest.
- x_minfloat
The starting value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- x_maxfloat,
The ending value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- n_pointsint
The number of points that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the PDF of the requested margin.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal1DPDF(2, -6.0, 6.0, 100) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal1DSurvivalFunction
(marginalIndex, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScale=False)¶ Draw the cumulative distribution function of a margin.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the margin of interest.
- x_minfloat
The starting value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- x_maxfloat,
The ending value that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- n_pointsint
The number of points that is used for meshing the x-axis.
- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the SurvivalFunction of the requested margin.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal1DSurvivalFunction(2, -6.0, 6.0, 100) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal2DCDF
(firstMarginal, secondMarginal, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScaleX=False, logScaleY=False)¶ Draw the cumulative distribution function of a couple of margins.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the first margin of interest.
- jint,
The index of the second margin of interest.
- x_minlist of 2 floats
The starting values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- x_maxlist of 2 floats,
The ending values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- n_pointslist of 2 ints
The number of points that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the marginal CDF of the requested couple of margins.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal2DCDF(2, 3, [-6.0] * 2, [6.0] * 2, [100] * 2) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal2DLogPDF
(firstMarginal, secondMarginal, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScaleX=False, logScaleY=False)¶ Draw the log-probability density function of a couple of margins.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the first margin of interest.
- jint,
The index of the second margin of interest.
- x_minlist of 2 floats
The starting values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- x_maxlist of 2 floats,
The ending values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- n_pointslist of 2 ints
The number of points that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the marginal log-PDF of the requested couple of margins.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal2DLogPDF(2, 3, [-6.0] * 2, [6.0] * 2, [100] * 2) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal2DPDF
(firstMarginal, secondMarginal, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScaleX=False, logScaleY=False)¶ Draw the probability density function of a couple of margins.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the first margin of interest.
- jint,
The index of the second margin of interest.
- x_minlist of 2 floats
The starting values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- x_maxlist of 2 floats,
The ending values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- n_pointslist of 2 ints
The number of points that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the marginal PDF of the requested couple of margins.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal2DPDF(2, 3, [-6.0] * 2, [6.0] * 2, [100] * 2) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawMarginal2DSurvivalFunction
(firstMarginal, secondMarginal, xMin, xMax, pointNumber, logScaleX=False, logScaleY=False)¶ Draw the cumulative distribution function of a couple of margins.
- Parameters
- iint,
The index of the first margin of interest.
- jint,
The index of the second margin of interest.
- x_minlist of 2 floats
The starting values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- x_maxlist of 2 floats,
The ending values that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- n_pointslist of 2 ints
The number of points that are used for meshing the x- and y- axes.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- iint,
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the marginal SurvivalFunction of the requested couple of margins.
- graph
See also
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal(10) >>> graph = distribution.drawMarginal2DSurvivalFunction(2, 3, [-6.0] * 2, [6.0] * 2, [100] * 2) >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawPDF
(*args)¶ Draw the graph or of iso-lines of probability density function.
- Available constructors:
drawPDF(x_min, x_max, pointNumber, logScale)
drawPDF(lowerCorner, upperCorner, pointNbrInd, logScaleX, logScaleY)
drawPDF(lowerCorner, upperCorner)
- Parameters
- x_minfloat, optional
The min-value of the mesh of the x-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMin from the
ResourceMap
.- x_maxfloat, optional,
The max-value of the mesh of the y-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMax from the
ResourceMap
.- pointNumberint
The number of points that is used for meshing each axis. Defaults uses DistributionImplementation-DefaultPointNumber from the
ResourceMap
.- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- lowerCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The lower corner
.
- upperCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The upper corner
.
- pointNbrInd
Indices
, of dimension 2 Number of points that is used for meshing each axis.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the PDF or its iso_lines.
- graph
See also
Notes
Only valid for univariate and bivariate distributions.
Examples
View the PDF of a univariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal() >>> graph = dist.drawPDF() >>> graph.setLegends(['normal pdf'])
View the iso-lines PDF of a bivariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal(2) >>> graph2 = dist.drawPDF() >>> graph2.setLegends(['iso- normal pdf']) >>> graph3 = dist.drawPDF([-10, -5],[5, 10], [511, 511])
-
drawQuantile
(*args)¶ Draw the quantile function.
- Parameters
- q_minfloat, in
The min value of the mesh of the x-axis.
- q_maxfloat, in
The max value of the mesh of the x-axis.
- n_pointsint, optional
The number of points that is used for meshing the quantile curve. Defaults uses DistributionImplementation-DefaultPointNumber from the
ResourceMap
.- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- q_minfloat, in
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the quantile function.
- graph
See also
Notes
This is implemented for univariate and bivariate distributions only. In the case of bivariate distributions, defined by its CDF
and its marginals
, the quantile of order
is the point
defined by
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> distribution = ot.Normal() >>> graph = distribution.drawQuantile() >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show() >>> distribution = ot.ComposedDistribution([ot.Normal(), ot.Exponential(1.0)], ot.ClaytonCopula(0.5)) >>> graph = distribution.drawQuantile() >>> view = View(graph) >>> view.show()
-
drawSurvivalFunction
(*args)¶ Draw the cumulative distribution function.
- Available constructors:
drawSurvivalFunction(x_min, x_max, pointNumber, logScale)
drawSurvivalFunction(lowerCorner, upperCorner, pointNbrInd, logScaleX, logScaleY)
drawSurvivalFunction(lowerCorner, upperCorner)
- Parameters
- x_minfloat, optional
The min-value of the mesh of the x-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMin from the
ResourceMap
.- x_maxfloat, optional,
The max-value of the mesh of the y-axis. Defaults uses the quantile associated to the probability level Distribution-QMax from the
ResourceMap
.- pointNumberint
The number of points that is used for meshing each axis. Defaults uses DistributionImplementation-DefaultPointNumber from the
ResourceMap
.- logScalebool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale. Default is False.
- lowerCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The lower corner
.
- upperCornersequence of float, of dimension 2, optional
The upper corner
.
- pointNbrInd
Indices
, of dimension 2 Number of points that is used for meshing each axis.
- logScaleXbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for X. Default is False.
- logScaleYbool
Flag to tell if the plot is done on a logarithmic scale for Y. Default is False.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
A graphical representation of the SurvivalFunction.
- graph
See also
Notes
Only valid for univariate and bivariate distributions.
Examples
View the SurvivalFunction of a univariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal() >>> graph = dist.drawSurvivalFunction() >>> graph.setLegends(['normal cdf'])
View the iso-lines SurvivalFunction of a bivariate distribution:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> dist = ot.Normal(2) >>> graph2 = dist.drawSurvivalFunction() >>> graph2.setLegends(['iso- normal cdf']) >>> graph3 = dist.drawSurvivalFunction([-10, -5],[5, 10], [511, 511])
-
exp
()¶ Transform distribution by exponential function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
getAlpha
()¶ Accessor to the distribution’s shape parameter
.
- Returns
- alphafloat
Shape parameter
.
-
getBeta
()¶ Accessor to the distribution’s scale parameter
.
- Returns
- sigmafloat
Scale parameter
.
-
getCDFEpsilon
()¶ Accessor to the CDF computation precision.
- Returns
- CDFEpsilonfloat
CDF computation precision.
-
getCenteredMoment
(n)¶ Accessor to the componentwise centered moments.
- Parameters
- kint
The order of the centered moment.
- Returns
- m
Point
Componentwise centered moment of order
.
- m
See also
Notes
Centered moments are centered with respect to the first-order moment:
-
getCholesky
()¶ Accessor to the Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix.
- Returns
- L
SquareMatrix
Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix.
- L
See also
-
getClassName
()¶ Accessor to the object’s name.
- Returns
- class_namestr
The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).
-
getCopula
()¶ Accessor to the copula of the distribution.
- Returns
- C
Distribution
Copula of the distribution.
- C
See also
-
getCorrelation
()¶ (ditch me?)
-
getCovariance
()¶ Accessor to the covariance matrix.
- Returns
- Sigma
CovarianceMatrix
Covariance matrix.
- Sigma
Notes
The covariance is the second-order centered moment. It is defined as:
-
getDescription
()¶ Accessor to the componentwise description.
- Returns
- description
Description
Description of the components of the distribution.
- description
See also
-
getDimension
()¶ Accessor to the dimension of the distribution.
- Returns
- nint
The number of components in the distribution.
-
getDispersionIndicator
()¶ Dispersion indicator accessor.
Defines a generic metric of the dispersion. When the standard deviation is not defined it falls back to the interquartile. Only available for 1-d distributions.
- Returns
- dispersionfloat
Standard deviation or interquartile.
-
getGamma
()¶ Accessor to the distribution’s location parameter
.
- Returns
- gammafloat
Gamma parameter
.
-
getId
()¶ Accessor to the object’s id.
- Returns
- idint
Internal unique identifier.
-
getIntegrationNodesNumber
()¶ Accessor to the number of Gauss integration points.
- Returns
- Nint
Number of integration points.
-
getInverseCholesky
()¶ Accessor to the inverse Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix.
- Returns
- Linv
SquareMatrix
Inverse Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix.
- Linv
See also
-
getInverseIsoProbabilisticTransformation
()¶ Accessor to the inverse iso-probabilistic transformation.
- Returns
- Tinv
Function
Inverse iso-probabilistic transformation.
- Tinv
See also
Notes
The inverse iso-probabilistic transformation is defined as follows:
-
getIsoProbabilisticTransformation
()¶ Accessor to the iso-probabilistic transformation.
Refer to Isoprobabilistic transformations.
- Returns
- T
Function
Iso-probabilistic transformation.
- T
Notes
The iso-probabilistic transformation is defined as follows:
An iso-probabilistic transformation is a diffeomorphism 1 from
to
that maps realizations
of a random vector
into realizations
of another random vector
while preserving probabilities. It is hence defined so that it satisfies:
The present implementation of the iso-probabilistic transformation maps realizations
into realizations
of a random vector
with spherical distribution 2. To be more specific:
if the distribution is elliptical, then the transformed distribution is simply made spherical using the Nataf (linear) transformation.
if the distribution has an elliptical Copula, then the transformed distribution is made spherical using the generalized Nataf transformation.
otherwise, the transformed distribution is the standard multivariate Normal distribution and is obtained by means of the Rosenblatt transformation.
- 1
A differentiable map
is called a diffeomorphism if it is a bijection and its inverse
is differentiable as well. Hence, the iso-probabilistic transformation implements a gradient (and even a Hessian).
- 2
A distribution is said to be spherical if it is invariant by rotation. Mathematically,
has a spherical distribution if:
-
getKendallTau
()¶ Accessor to the Kendall coefficients matrix.
- Returns
- tau:
SquareMatrix
Kendall coefficients matrix.
- tau:
See also
Notes
The Kendall coefficients matrix is defined as:
-
getKurtosis
()¶ Accessor to the componentwise kurtosis.
- Returns
- k
Point
Componentwise kurtosis.
- k
Notes
The kurtosis is the fourth-order centered moment standardized by the standard deviation:
-
getLinearCorrelation
()¶ (ditch me?)
-
getMarginal
(*args)¶ Accessor to marginal distributions.
- Parameters
- iint or list of ints,
Component(s) indice(s).
- iint or list of ints,
- Returns
- distribution
Distribution
The marginal distribution of the selected component(s).
- distribution
-
getMoment
(n)¶ Accessor to the componentwise moments.
- Parameters
- kint
The order of the moment.
- Returns
- m
Point
Componentwise moment of order
.
- m
Notes
The componentwise moment of order
is defined as:
-
getName
()¶ Accessor to the object’s name.
- Returns
- namestr
The name of the object.
-
getPDFEpsilon
()¶ Accessor to the PDF computation precision.
- Returns
- PDFEpsilonfloat
PDF computation precision.
-
getParameter
()¶ Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
- Returns
- parameter
Point
Parameter values.
- parameter
-
getParameterDescription
()¶ Accessor to the parameter description of the distribution.
- Returns
- description
Description
Parameter names.
- description
-
getParameterDimension
()¶ Accessor to the number of parameters in the distribution.
- Returns
- n_parametersint
Number of parameters in the distribution.
See also
-
getParametersCollection
()¶ Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
- Returns
- parameters
PointWithDescription
Dictionary-like object with parameters names and values.
- parameters
-
getPearsonCorrelation
()¶ Accessor to the Pearson correlation matrix.
- Returns
- R
CorrelationMatrix
Pearson’s correlation matrix.
- R
See also
Notes
Pearson’s correlation is defined as the normalized covariance matrix:
-
getPositionIndicator
()¶ Position indicator accessor.
Defines a generic metric of the position. When the mean is not defined it falls back to the median. Available only for 1-d distributions.
- Returns
- positionfloat
Mean or median of the distribution.
-
getProbabilities
()¶ Accessor to the discrete probability levels.
- Returns
- probabilities
Point
The probability levels of a discrete distribution.
- probabilities
-
getRange
()¶ Accessor to the range of the distribution.
- Returns
- range
Interval
Range of the distribution.
- range
See also
Notes
The mathematical range is the smallest closed interval outside of which the PDF is zero. The numerical range is the interval outside of which the PDF is rounded to zero in double precision.
-
getRealization
()¶ Accessor to a pseudo-random realization from the distribution.
Refer to Distribution realizations.
- Returns
- point
Point
A pseudo-random realization of the distribution.
- point
See also
-
getRoughness
()¶ Accessor to roughness of the distribution.
- Returns
- rfloat
Roughness of the distribution.
See also
Notes
The roughness of the distribution is defined as the
-norm of its PDF:
-
getSample
(size)¶ Accessor to a pseudo-random sample from the distribution.
- Parameters
- sizeint
Sample size.
- Returns
- sample
Sample
A pseudo-random sample of the distribution.
- sample
See also
-
getShadowedId
()¶ Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
- Returns
- idint
Internal unique identifier.
-
getShapeMatrix
()¶ Accessor to the shape matrix of the underlying copula if it is elliptical.
- Returns
- shape
CorrelationMatrix
Shape matrix of the elliptical copula of a distribution.
- shape
See also
Notes
This is not the Pearson correlation matrix.
-
getShiftedMoment
(n, shift)¶ Accessor to the componentwise shifted moments.
- Parameters
- kint
The order of the shifted moment.
- shiftsequence of float
The shift of the moment.
- Returns
- m
Point
Componentwise centered moment of order
.
- m
See also
Notes
The moments are centered with respect to the given shift :math:vect{s}:
-
getSingularities
()¶ Accessor to the singularities of the PDF function.
It is defined for univariate distributions only, and gives all the singularities (ie discontinuities of any order) strictly inside of the range of the distribution.
- Returns
- singularities
Point
The singularities of the PDF of an univariate distribution.
- singularities
-
getSkewness
()¶ Accessor to the componentwise skewness.
- Returns
- d
Point
Componentwise skewness.
- d
Notes
The skewness is the third-order centered moment standardized by the standard deviation:
-
getSpearmanCorrelation
()¶ Accessor to the Spearman correlation matrix.
- Returns
- R
CorrelationMatrix
Spearman’s correlation matrix.
- R
See also
Notes
Spearman’s (rank) correlation is defined as the normalized covariance matrix of the copula (ie that of the uniform margins):
-
getStandardDeviation
()¶ Accessor to the componentwise standard deviation.
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
- Returns
- sigma
Point
Componentwise standard deviation.
- sigma
See also
-
getStandardDistribution
()¶ Accessor to the standard distribution.
- Returns
- standard_distribution
Distribution
Standard distribution.
- standard_distribution
See also
Notes
The standard distribution is determined according to the distribution properties. This is the target distribution achieved by the iso-probabilistic transformation.
-
getStandardMoment
(n)¶ Accessor to the componentwise standard moments.
- Parameters
- kint
The order of the standard moment.
- Returns
- m
Point
Componentwise standard moment of order
.
- m
See also
Notes
Standard moments are the raw moments of the standard representative of the parametric family of distributions.
-
getStandardRepresentative
()¶ Accessor to the standard representative distribution in the parametric family.
- Returns
- std_repr_dist
Distribution
Standard representative distribution.
- std_repr_dist
Notes
The standard representative distribution is defined on a distribution by distribution basis, most of the time by scaling the distribution with bounded support to
or by standardizing (ie zero mean, unit variance) the distributions with unbounded support. It is the member of the family for which orthonormal polynomials will be built using generic algorithms of orthonormalization.
-
getSupport
(*args)¶ Accessor to the support of the distribution.
- Parameters
- interval
Interval
An interval to intersect with the support of the discrete part of the distribution.
- interval
- Returns
- support
Interval
The intersection of the support of the discrete part of the distribution with the given interval.
- support
See also
Notes
The mathematical support
of the discrete part of a distribution is the collection of points with nonzero probability.
This is yet implemented for discrete distributions only.
-
getVisibility
()¶ Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
- Returns
- visiblebool
Visibility flag.
-
hasEllipticalCopula
()¶ Test whether the copula of the distribution is elliptical or not.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
See also
-
hasIndependentCopula
()¶ Test whether the copula of the distribution is the independent one.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
-
hasName
()¶ Test if the object is named.
- Returns
- hasNamebool
True if the name is not empty.
-
hasVisibleName
()¶ Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
- Returns
- hasVisibleNamebool
True if the name is not empty and not the default one.
-
inverse
()¶ Transform distribution by inverse function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
isContinuous
()¶ Test whether the distribution is continuous or not.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
-
isCopula
()¶ Test whether the distribution is a copula or not.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
Notes
A copula is a distribution with uniform margins on [0; 1].
-
isDiscrete
()¶ Test whether the distribution is discrete or not.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
-
isElliptical
()¶ Test whether the distribution is elliptical or not.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
Notes
A multivariate distribution is said to be elliptical if its characteristic function is of the form:
for specified vector
and positive-definite matrix
. The function
is known as the characteristic generator of the elliptical distribution.
-
isIntegral
()¶ Test whether the distribution is integer-valued or not.
- Returns
- testbool
Answer.
-
ln
()¶ Transform distribution by natural logarithm function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
log
()¶ Transform distribution by natural logarithm function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
setAlpha
(alpha)¶ Accessor to the distribution’s shape parameter
.
- Parameters
- alphafloat,
Shape parameter
.
- alphafloat,
-
setBeta
(beta)¶ Accessor to the distribution’s scale parameter
.
- Parameters
- betafloat,
Scale parameter
.
- betafloat,
-
setDescription
(description)¶ Accessor to the componentwise description.
- Parameters
- descriptionsequence of str
Description of the components of the distribution.
-
setGamma
(gamma)¶ Accessor to the distribution’s location parameter
.
- Parameters
- gammafloat,
Gamma parameter
.
- gammafloat,
-
setIntegrationNodesNumber
(integrationNodesNumber)¶ Accessor to the number of Gauss integration points.
- Parameters
- Nint
Number of integration points.
-
setName
(name)¶ Accessor to the object’s name.
- Parameters
- namestr
The name of the object.
-
setParameter
(parameter)¶ Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
- Parameters
- parametersequence of float
Parameter values.
-
setParametersCollection
(*args)¶ Accessor to the parameter of the distribution.
- Parameters
- parameters
PointWithDescription
Dictionary-like object with parameters names and values.
- parameters
-
setShadowedId
(id)¶ Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
- Parameters
- idint
Internal unique identifier.
-
setVisibility
(visible)¶ Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
- Parameters
- visiblebool
Visibility flag.
-
sin
()¶ Transform distribution by sine function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
sinh
()¶ Transform distribution by sinh function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
sqr
()¶ Transform distribution by square function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
sqrt
()¶ Transform distribution by square root function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
tan
()¶ Transform distribution by tangent function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist
-
tanh
()¶ Transform distribution by tanh function.
- Returns
- dist
Distribution
The transformed distribution.
- dist