FunctionalChaosAlgorithm¶

class FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(*args)¶

Functional chaos algorithm.

Refer to Functional Chaos Expansion, Least squares polynomial response surface.

Available constructors:

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(inputSample, outputSample)

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(inputSample, outputSample, distribution, adaptiveStrategy)

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(inputSample, outputSample, distribution, adaptiveStrategy, projectionStrategy)

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(model, distribution, adaptiveStrategy)

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(model, distribution, adaptiveStrategy, projectionStrategy)

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(inputSample, weights, outputSample, distribution, adaptiveStrategy)

FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(inputSample, weights, outputSample, distribution, adaptiveStrategy, projectionStrategy)

Parameters

inputSample, outputSample2-d sequence of float

Sample of the input - output random vectors

modelFunction

Model $g$ such as $\vect{Y} = g(\vect{X})$ .

distributionDistribution

Distribution of the random vector $\vect{X}$

adaptiveStrategyAdaptiveStrategy

Strategy of selection of the different terms of the multivariate basis.

projectionStrategyProjectionStrategy

Strategy of evaluation of the coefficients $\alpha_k$

weightssequence of float

Weights $\omega_i$ associated to the data base

Default values are $\omega_i = \frac{1}{N}$ where N=inputSample.getSize()

See also

FunctionalChaosResult

Notes

Consider $\vect{Y} = g(\vect{X})$ with $g: \Rset^d \rightarrow \Rset^p$ , $\vect{X} \sim \cL_{\vect{X}}$ and $\vect{Y}$ with finite variance: $g\in L_{\cL_{\vect{X}}}^2(\Rset^d, \Rset^p)$ .

When $p>1$ , the functional chaos algorithm is used on each marginal of $\vect{Y}$ , using the same multivariate orthonormal basis for all the marginals. Thus, the algorithm is detailed here for a scalar output $Y$ and $g: \Rset^d \rightarrow \Rset$ .

Let $T: \Rset^d \rightarrow \Rset^d$ be an isoprobabilistic transformation such that $\vect{Z} = T(\vect{X}) \sim \mu$ . We note $f = g \circ T^{-1}$ , then $f \in L_{\mu}^2(\Rset^d, \Rset)$ .

Let $(\Psi_k)_{k \in \Nset}$ be an orthonormal multivariate basis of $L^2_{\mu}(\Rset^d,\Rset)$ .

Then the functional chaos decomposition of f writes:

$f = g\circ T^{-1} = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \vect{\alpha}_k \Psi_k$

which can be truncated to the finite set $K \in \Nset$ :

$\tilde{f} = \sum_{k \in K} \vect{\alpha}_k \Psi_k$

The approximation $\tilde{f}$ can be used to build an efficient random generator of $Y$ based on the random vector $\vect{Z}$ . It writes:

$\tilde{Y} = \tilde{f}(\vect{Z})$

For more details, see FunctionalChaosRandomVector.

The functional chaos decomposition can be used to build a meta model of g, which writes:

$\tilde{g} = \tilde{f} \circ T$

If the basis $(\Psi_k)_{k \in \Nset}$ has been obtained by tensorisation of univariate orthonormal basis, then the distribution $\mu$ writes $\mu = \prod_{i=1}^d \mu_i$ . In that case only, the Sobol indices can easily be deduced from the coefficients $\alpha_k$ .

We detail here all the steps required in order to create a functional chaos algorithm.

Step 1 - Construction of the multivariate orthonormal basis: the multivariate orthonornal basis $(\Psi_k(\vect{x}))_{k \in \Nset}$ is built as the tensor product of orthonormal univariate families.

The univariate bases may be:

polynomials: the associated distribution $\mu_i$ is continuous or discrete. Note that it is possible to build the polynomial family orthonormal to any univariate distribution $\mu_i$ under some conditions. For more details, see StandardDistributionPolynomialFactory;

Haar wavelets: they enable to approximate functions with discontinuities. For more details, see HaarWaveletFactory,;

Fourier series: for more details, see FourierSeriesFactory.

Furthermore, the numerotation of the multivariate orthonormal basis $(\Psi_k(\vect{z}))_k$ is given by an enumerate function which defines a regular way to generate the collection of degres used for the univariate polynomials : an enumerate function represents a bijection $\Nset \rightarrow \Nset^d$ . See LinearEnumerateFunction or HyperbolicAnisotropicEnumerateFunction for more details.

Step 2 - Truncation strategy of the multivariate orthonormal basis: a strategy must be chosen for the selection of the different terms of the multivariate basis. The selected terms are gathered in the subset K.

For more details on the possible strategies, see FixedStrategy, SequentialStrategy and CleaningStrategy.

Step 3 - Evaluation strategy of the coefficients: a strategy must be chosen for the estimation of te coefficients $\alpha_k$ . The vector $\vect{\alpha} = (\alpha_k)_{k \in K}$ is equivalently defined by:

(1)¶ $\vect{\alpha} = \argmin_{\vect{\alpha} \in \Rset^K}\Expect{\left( g \circ T^{-1}(\vect{Z}) - \sum_{k \in K} \alpha_k \Psi_k (\vect{Z})\right)^2}$

or

(2)¶ $\alpha_k = <g \circ T^{-1}(\vect{Z}), \Psi_k (\vect{Z})>_{\mu} = \Expect{ g \circ T^{-1}(\vect{Z}) \Psi_k (\vect{Z}) }$

where the mean $\Expect{.}$ is evaluated with respect to the measure $\mu$ .

Relation (1) means that the coefficients $(\alpha_k)_{k \in K}$ minimize the quadratic error between the model and the polynomial approximation. For more details, see LeastSquaresStrategy.

Relation (2) means that $\alpha_k$ is the scalar product of the model with the k-th element of the orthonormal basis $(\Psi_k)_{k \in \Nset}$ . For more details, see IntegrationStrategy.

Examples

Create the model:

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> ot.RandomGenerator.SetSeed(0)
>>> inputDim = 1
>>> model = ot.SymbolicFunction(['x'], ['x*sin(x)'])
>>> distribution = ot.ComposedDistribution([ot.Uniform()]*inputDim)

Build the multivariate orthonormal basis:

>>> polyColl = [0.0]*inputDim
>>> for i in range(distribution.getDimension()):
...     polyColl[i] = ot.StandardDistributionPolynomialFactory(distribution.getMarginal(i))
>>> enumerateFunction = ot.LinearEnumerateFunction(inputDim)
>>> productBasis = ot.OrthogonalProductPolynomialFactory(polyColl, enumerateFunction)

Define the strategy to truncate the multivariate orthonormal basis: We choose all the polynomials of degree <= 4

>>> degree = 4
>>> indexMax = enumerateFunction.getStrataCumulatedCardinal(degree)
>>> print(indexMax)
5

We keep all the polynomials of degree <= 4 (which corresponds to the 5 first ones):

>>> adaptiveStrategy = ot.FixedStrategy(productBasis, indexMax)

Define the evaluation strategy of the coefficients:

>>> samplingSize = 50
>>> experiment = ot.MonteCarloExperiment(samplingSize)
>>> projectionStrategy = ot.LeastSquaresStrategy(experiment)

Create the Functional Chaos Algorithm:

>>> algo = ot.FunctionalChaosAlgorithm(model, distribution, adaptiveStrategy,
...                                    projectionStrategy)
>>> algo.run()

Get the result:

>>> functionalChaosResult = algo.getResult()
>>> metamodel = functionalChaosResult.getMetaModel()

Test it:

>>> X = [0.5]
>>> print(model(X))
[0.239713]
>>> print(metamodel(X))
[0.239514]

Methods

`BuildDistribution`(inputSample)	Recover the distribution, with metamodel performance in mind.
`getAdaptiveStrategy`()	Get the adaptive strategy.
`getClassName`()	Accessor to the object’s name.
`getDistribution`()	Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
`getId`()	Accessor to the object’s id.
`getInputSample`()	Accessor to the input sample.
`getMaximumResidual`()	Get the maximum residual.
`getName`()	Accessor to the object’s name.
`getOutputSample`()	Accessor to the output sample.
`getProjectionStrategy`()	Get the projection strategy.
`getResult`()	Get the results of the metamodel computation.
`getShadowedId`()	Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
`getVisibility`()	Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
`hasName`()	Test if the object is named.
`hasVisibleName`()	Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
`run`()	Compute the metamodel.
`setDistribution`(distribution)	Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
`setMaximumResidual`(residual)	Set the maximum residual.
`setName`(name)	Accessor to the object’s name.
`setProjectionStrategy`(projectionStrategy)	Set the projection strategy.
`setShadowedId`(id)	Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
`setVisibility`(visible)	Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

__init__(*args)¶: Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

static BuildDistribution(inputSample)¶

Recover the distribution, with metamodel performance in mind.

For each marginal, find the best 1-d continuous parametric model else fallback to the use of a nonparametric one.

The selection is done as follow:

We start with a list of all parametric models (all factories)

For each model, we estimate its parameters if feasible.

We check then if model is valid, ie if its Kolmogorov score exceeds a threshold fixed in the MetaModelAlgorithm-PValueThreshold ResourceMap key. Default value is 5%

We sort all valid models and return the one with the optimal criterion.

For the last step, the criterion might be BIC, AIC or AICC. The specification of the criterion is done through the MetaModelAlgorithm-ModelSelectionCriterion ResourceMap key. Default value is fixed to BIC. Note that if there is no valid candidate, we estimate a non-parametric model (KernelSmoothing or Histogram). The MetaModelAlgorithm-NonParametricModel ResourceMap key allows selecting the preferred one. Default value is Histogram

One each marginal is estimated, we use the Spearman independence test on each component pair to decide whether an independent copula. In case of non independence, we rely on a NormalCopula.

Parameters

sampleSample: Input sample.

Returns

distributionDistribution: Input distribution.

getAdaptiveStrategy()¶

Get the adaptive strategy.

Returns

adaptiveStrategyAdaptiveStrategy: Strategy of selection of the different terms of the multivariate basis.

getClassName()¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns

class_namestr: The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).

getDistribution()¶

Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.

Returns

distributionDistribution: Joint probability density function of the physical input vector.

getId()¶

Accessor to the object’s id.

Returns

idint: Internal unique identifier.

getInputSample()¶

Accessor to the input sample.

Returns

inputSampleSample: Input sample of a model evaluated apart.

getMaximumResidual()¶

Get the maximum residual.

Returns

residualfloat

Residual value needed in the projection strategy.

Default value is $0$ .

getName()¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns

namestr: The name of the object.

getOutputSample()¶

Accessor to the output sample.

Returns

outputSampleSample: Output sample of a model evaluated apart.

getProjectionStrategy()¶

Get the projection strategy.

Returns

strategyProjectionStrategy: Projection strategy.

Notes

The projection strategy selects the different terms of the multivariate basis to define the subset K.

getResult()¶

Get the results of the metamodel computation.

Returns

resultFunctionalChaosResult: Result structure, created by the method run().

getShadowedId()¶

Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.

Returns

idint: Internal unique identifier.

getVisibility()¶

Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

Returns

visiblebool: Visibility flag.

hasName()¶

Test if the object is named.

Returns

hasNamebool: True if the name is not empty.

hasVisibleName()¶

Test if the object has a distinguishable name.

Returns

hasVisibleNamebool: True if the name is not empty and not the default one.

run()¶

Compute the metamodel.

Notes

Evaluates the metamodel and stores all the results in a result structure.

setDistribution(distribution)¶

Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.

Parameters

distributionDistribution: Joint probability density function of the physical input vector.

setMaximumResidual(residual)¶

Set the maximum residual.

Parameters

residualfloat

Residual value needed in the projection strategy.

Default value is $0$ .

setName(name)¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Parameters

namestr: The name of the object.

setProjectionStrategy(projectionStrategy)¶

Set the projection strategy.

Parameters

strategyProjectionStrategy: Strategy to estimate the coefficients $\alpha_k$ .

setShadowedId(id)¶

Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.

Parameters

idint: Internal unique identifier.

setVisibility(visible)¶

Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

Parameters

visiblebool: Visibility flag.

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