LHS¶

class LHS(*args)¶

Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method.

Available constructors:: LHS(event=ot.Event())

Parameters

eventRandomVector: Event we are computing the probability of.

Notes

Using the probability distribution of a random vector $\vect{X}$ , we seek to evaluate the following probability:

$P_f = \int_{\Rset^{n_X}} \mathbf{1}_{\{g(\ux,\underline{d}) \leq 0 \}}f_{\uX}(\ux)\di{\ux} = \Prob{g\left( \vect{X},\vect{d} \right) \leq 0}$

Here, $\vect{X}$ is a random vector, $\vect{d}$ a deterministic vector, $g(\vect{X},\vect{d})$ the function known as limit state function which enables the definition of the event $\cD_f = \{\vect{X} \in \Rset^n \, | \, g(\vect{X},\vect{d}) \le 0\}$ . $\mathbf{1}_{ \left\{ g(\vect{x}_i,\vect{d}) \leq 0 \right\} }$ describes the indicator function equal to 1 if $g(\vect{x}_i,\vect{d}) \leq 0$ and equal to 0 otherwise.

LHS or Latin Hypercube Sampling is a sampling method enabling to better cover the domain of variations of the input variables, thanks to a stratified sampling strategy. This method is applicable in the case of independent input variables. The sampling procedure is based on dividing the range of each variable into several intervals of equal probability. The sampling is undertaken as follows:

Step 1: The range of each input variable is stratified into isoprobabilistic cells,
Step 2: A cell is uniformly chosen among all the available cells,
Step 3: The random number is obtained by inverting the Cumulative Density Function locally in the chosen cell,
Step 4: All the cells having a common strate with the previous cell are put apart from the list of available cells.

The estimator of the probability of failure with LHS is given by:

$\widehat{P}_{f,LHS} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \mathbf{1}_{\{g(\uX^i,\vect{d}) \leq 0 \}}$

where the sample of $\{ \uX^i,i=1 \hdots N \}$ is obtained as described previously.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> ot.RandomGenerator.SetSeed(0)
>>> myFunction = ot.SymbolicFunction(['E', 'F', 'L', 'I'], ['-F*L^3/(3*E*I)'])
>>> myDistribution = ot.Normal([50.0, 1.0, 10.0, 5.0], [1.0]*4, ot.IdentityMatrix(4))
>>> # We create a 'usual' RandomVector from the Distribution
>>> vect = ot.RandomVector(myDistribution)
>>> # We create a composite random vector
>>> output = ot.CompositeRandomVector(myFunction, vect)
>>> # We create an event from this RandomVector
>>> myEvent = ot.ThresholdEvent(output, ot.Less(), -3.0)
>>> # We create a LHS algorithm
>>> myAlgo = ot.LHS(myEvent)
>>> myAlgo.setMaximumOuterSampling(150)
>>> myAlgo.setBlockSize(4)
>>> myAlgo.setMaximumCoefficientOfVariation(0.1)
>>> # Perform the simulation
>>> myAlgo.run()
>>> print('Probability estimate=%.6f' % myAlgo.getResult().getProbabilityEstimate())
Probability estimate=0.151667

Methods

`drawProbabilityConvergence`(*args)	Draw the probability convergence at a given level.
`getBlockSize`()	Accessor to the block size.
`getClassName`()	Accessor to the object’s name.
`getConvergenceStrategy`()	Accessor to the convergence strategy.
`getEvent`()	Accessor to the event.
`getId`()	Accessor to the object’s id.
`getMaximumCoefficientOfVariation`()	Accessor to the maximum coefficient of variation.
`getMaximumOuterSampling`()	Accessor to the maximum sample size.
`getMaximumStandardDeviation`()	Accessor to the maximum standard deviation.
`getName`()	Accessor to the object’s name.
`getResult`()	Accessor to the results.
`getShadowedId`()	Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
`getVerbose`()	Accessor to verbosity.
`getVisibility`()	Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
`hasName`()	Test if the object is named.
`hasVisibleName`()	Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
`run`()	Launch simulation.
`setBlockSize`(blockSize)	Accessor to the block size.
`setConvergenceStrategy`(convergenceStrategy)	Accessor to the convergence strategy.
`setMaximumCoefficientOfVariation`(…)	Accessor to the maximum coefficient of variation.
`setMaximumOuterSampling`(maximumOuterSampling)	Accessor to the maximum sample size.
`setMaximumStandardDeviation`(…)	Accessor to the maximum standard deviation.
`setName`(name)	Accessor to the object’s name.
`setProgressCallback`(*args)	Set up a progress callback.
`setShadowedId`(id)	Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
`setStopCallback`(*args)	Set up a stop callback.
`setVerbose`(verbose)	Accessor to verbosity.
`setVisibility`(visible)	Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

__init__(*args)¶: Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

drawProbabilityConvergence(*args)¶

Draw the probability convergence at a given level.

Parameters

levelfloat, optional: The probability convergence is drawn at this given confidence length level. By default level is 0.95.

Returns

grapha Graph: probability convergence graph

getBlockSize()¶

Accessor to the block size.

Returns

blockSizeint: Number of terms in the probability simulation estimator grouped together. It is set by default to 1.

getClassName()¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns

class_namestr: The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).

getConvergenceStrategy()¶

Accessor to the convergence strategy.

Returns

storage_strategyHistoryStrategy: Storage strategy used to store the values of the probability estimator and its variance during the simulation algorithm.

getEvent()¶

Accessor to the event.

Returns

eventRandomVector: Event we want to evaluate the probability.

getId()¶

Accessor to the object’s id.

Returns

idint: Internal unique identifier.

getMaximumCoefficientOfVariation()¶

Accessor to the maximum coefficient of variation.

Returns

coefficientfloat: Maximum coefficient of variation of the simulated sample.

getMaximumOuterSampling()¶

Accessor to the maximum sample size.

Returns

outerSamplingint: Maximum number of groups of terms in the probability simulation estimator.

getMaximumStandardDeviation()¶

Accessor to the maximum standard deviation.

Returns

sigmafloat, $\sigma > 0$: Maximum standard deviation of the estimator.

getName()¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns

namestr: The name of the object.

getResult()¶

Accessor to the results.

Returns

resultsSimulationResult: Structure containing all the results obtained after simulation and created by the method run().

getShadowedId()¶

Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.

Returns

idint: Internal unique identifier.

getVerbose()¶

Accessor to verbosity.

Returns

verbosity_enabledbool: If True, the computation is verbose. By default it is verbose.

getVisibility()¶

Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

Returns

visiblebool: Visibility flag.

hasName()¶

Test if the object is named.

Returns

hasNamebool: True if the name is not empty.

hasVisibleName()¶

Test if the object has a distinguishable name.

Returns

hasVisibleNamebool: True if the name is not empty and not the default one.

run()¶

Launch simulation.

See also

setBlockSize, setMaximumOuterSampling, ResourceMap, SimulationResult

Notes

It launches the simulation and creates a SimulationResult, structure containing all the results obtained after simulation. It computes the probability of occurence of the given event by computing the empirical mean of a sample of size at most outerSampling * blockSize, this sample being built by blocks of size blockSize. It allows to use efficiently the distribution of the computation as well as it allows to deal with a sample size $> 2^{32}$ by a combination of blockSize and outerSampling.

setBlockSize(blockSize)¶

Accessor to the block size.

Parameters

blockSizeint, $blockSize \geq 1$: Number of terms in the probability simulation estimator grouped together. It is set by default to 1.

Notes

For Monte Carlo, LHS and Importance Sampling methods, this allows to save space while allowing multithreading, when available we recommend to use the number of available CPUs; for the Directional Sampling, we recommend to set it to 1.

setConvergenceStrategy(convergenceStrategy)¶

Accessor to the convergence strategy.

Parameters

storage_strategyHistoryStrategy: Storage strategy used to store the values of the probability estimator and its variance during the simulation algorithm.

setMaximumCoefficientOfVariation(maximumCoefficientOfVariation)¶

Accessor to the maximum coefficient of variation.

Parameters

coefficientfloat: Maximum coefficient of variation of the simulated sample.

setMaximumOuterSampling(maximumOuterSampling)¶

Accessor to the maximum sample size.

Parameters

outerSamplingint: Maximum number of groups of terms in the probability simulation estimator.

setMaximumStandardDeviation(maximumStandardDeviation)¶

Accessor to the maximum standard deviation.

Parameters

sigmafloat, $\sigma > 0$: Maximum standard deviation of the estimator.

setName(name)¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Parameters

namestr: The name of the object.

setProgressCallback(*args)¶

Set up a progress callback.

Can be used to programmatically report the progress of a simulation.

Parameters

callbackcallable: Takes a float as argument as percentage of progress.

Examples

>>> import sys
>>> import openturns as ot
>>> experiment = ot.MonteCarloExperiment()
>>> X = ot.RandomVector(ot.Normal())
>>> Y = ot.CompositeRandomVector(ot.SymbolicFunction(['X'], ['1.1*X']), X)
>>> event = ot.ThresholdEvent(Y, ot.Less(), -2.0)
>>> algo = ot.ProbabilitySimulationAlgorithm(event, experiment)
>>> algo.setMaximumOuterSampling(100)
>>> algo.setMaximumCoefficientOfVariation(-1.0)
>>> def report_progress(progress):
...     sys.stderr.write('-- progress=' + str(progress) + '%\n')
>>> algo.setProgressCallback(report_progress)
>>> algo.run()

setShadowedId(id)¶

Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.

Parameters

idint: Internal unique identifier.

setStopCallback(*args)¶

Set up a stop callback.

Can be used to programmatically stop a simulation.

Parameters

callbackcallable: Returns an int deciding whether to stop or continue.

Examples

Stop a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm using a time limit

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> experiment = ot.MonteCarloExperiment()
>>> X = ot.RandomVector(ot.Normal())
>>> Y = ot.CompositeRandomVector(ot.SymbolicFunction(['X'], ['1.1*X']), X)
>>> event = ot.ThresholdEvent(Y, ot.Less(), -2.0)
>>> algo = ot.ProbabilitySimulationAlgorithm(event, experiment)
>>> algo.setMaximumOuterSampling(10000000)
>>> algo.setMaximumCoefficientOfVariation(-1.0)
>>> timer = ot.TimerCallback(0.1)
>>> algo.setStopCallback(timer)
>>> algo.run()

setVerbose(verbose)¶

Accessor to verbosity.

Parameters

verbosity_enabledbool: If True, make the computation verbose. By default it is verbose.

setVisibility(visible)¶

Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

Parameters

visiblebool: Visibility flag.

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