RegularGrid¶
-
class
RegularGrid
(*args)¶ Regular Grid.
- Available constructors:
RegularGrid(start, step, n)
RegularGrid(mesh)
- Parameters
- startfloat
The start time stamp of the grid.
- stepfloat, positive
The step between to consecutive time stamps.
- nint
The number of time stamps in the grid, including the start and the end time stamps.
- mesh
Mesh
The mesh must be in
, regular and sorted in the increasing order.
See also
Notes
The time stamps of the regular grid are:
where
for
and
the step.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> myRegularGrid = ot.RegularGrid(0.0, 0.1, 100)
Methods
ImportFromMSHFile
(fileName)Import mesh from FreeFem 2-d mesh files.
checkPointInSimplexWithCoordinates
(self, …)Check if a point is inside a simplex and returns its barycentric coordinates.
computeP1Gram
(self)Compute the P1 Lagrange finite element gram matrix of the mesh.
computeSimplicesVolume
(self)Compute the volume of all simplices.
computeWeights
(self)Compute an approximation of an integral defined over the mesh.
draw
(self)Draw the mesh.
draw1D
(self)Draw the mesh of dimension 1.
draw2D
(self)Draw the mesh of dimension 2.
draw3D
(self, \*args)Draw the bidimensional projection of the mesh.
exportToVTKFile
(self, \*args)Export the mesh to a VTK file.
fixOrientation
(self)Make all the simplices positively oriented.
follows
(self, starter)Check if the given grid follows the current one.
getClassName
(self)Accessor to the object’s name.
getDescription
(self)Get the description of the vertices.
getDimension
(self)Dimension accessor.
getEnd
(self)Accessor to the first time stamp after the last time stamp of the grid.
getId
(self)Accessor to the object’s id.
getN
(self)Accessor to the number of time stamps in the grid.
getName
(self)Accessor to the object’s name.
getShadowedId
(self)Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
getSimplex
(self, index)Get the simplex of a given index.
getSimplices
(self)Get the simplices of the mesh.
getSimplicesNumber
(self)Get the number of simplices of the mesh.
getStart
(self)Accessor to the start time stamp.
getStep
(self)Accessor to the step.
getValue
(self, i)Accessor to the time stamps at a gien index.
getValues
(self)Accessor to all the time stamps.
getVertex
(self, index)Get the vertex of a given index.
getVertices
(self)Get the vertices of the mesh.
getVerticesNumber
(self)Get the number of vertices of the mesh.
getVisibility
(self)Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
getVolume
(self)Get the volume of the mesh.
hasName
(self)Test if the object is named.
hasVisibleName
(self)Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
isEmpty
(self)Check whether the mesh is empty.
isNumericallyEmpty
(self)Check if the mesh is numerically empty.
isRegular
(self)Check if the mesh is regular (only for 1-d meshes).
isValid
(self)Check the mesh validity.
setName
(self, name)Accessor to the object’s name.
setShadowedId
(self, id)Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
setSimplices
(self, simplices)Set the simplices of the mesh.
setVertex
(self, index, vertex)Set a vertex of a given index.
setVertices
(self, vertices)Set the vertices of the mesh.
setVisibility
(self, visible)Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
streamToVTKFormat
(self, \*args)Give a VTK representation of the mesh.
getLowerBound
getUpperBound
-
__init__
(self, \*args)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
static
ImportFromMSHFile
(fileName)¶ Import mesh from FreeFem 2-d mesh files.
- Parameters
- MSHFilestr
A MSH ASCII file.
- Returns
- mesh
Mesh
Mesh defined in the file MSHFile.
- mesh
-
checkPointInSimplexWithCoordinates
(self, point, index)¶ Check if a point is inside a simplex and returns its barycentric coordinates.
- Parameters
- pointsequence of float
Point of dimension
, the dimension of the vertices of the mesh.
- indexint
Integer characterizes one simplex of the mesh.
- Returns
- isInsidebool
Flag telling whether point is inside the simplex of index index.
- coordinates
Point
The barycentric coordinates of the given point wrt the vertices of the simplex.
Notes
The tolerance for the check on the barycentric coordinates can be tweaked using the key Mesh-CoordinateEpsilon.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplex = [[0, 1, 2]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplex) >>> # Create a point A inside the simplex >>> pointA = [0.6, 0.3] >>> print(mesh2d.checkPointInSimplexWithCoordinates(pointA, 0)) [True, class=Point name=Unnamed dimension=3 values=[0.4,0.3,0.3]] >>> # Create a point B outside the simplex >>> pointB = [1.1, 0.6] >>> print(mesh2d.checkPointInSimplexWithCoordinates(pointB, 0)) [False, class=Point name=Unnamed dimension=3 values=[-0.1,0.5,0.6]]
-
computeP1Gram
(self)¶ Compute the P1 Lagrange finite element gram matrix of the mesh.
- Returns
- gram
CovarianceMatrix
P1 Lagrange finite element gram matrix of the mesh.
- gram
Notes
The P1 Lagrange finite element space associated to a mesh with vertices
is the space of piecewise-linear functions generated by the functions
, where
,
for
and the restriction of
to any simplex is an affine function. The vertices that are not included into at least one simplex are not taken into account.
The gram matrix of the mesh is defined as the symmetric positive definite matrix
whose generic element
is given by:
This method is used in several algorithms related to stochastic process representation such as the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> # Define the vertices of the mesh >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0], [1.5, 1.0]] >>> # Define the simplices of the mesh >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]] >>> # Create the mesh of dimension 2 >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh2d.computeP1Gram()) [[ 0.0416667 0.0208333 0.0208333 0 ] [ 0.0208333 0.0625 0.03125 0.0104167 ] [ 0.0208333 0.03125 0.0625 0.0104167 ] [ 0 0.0104167 0.0104167 0.0208333 ]]
-
computeSimplicesVolume
(self)¶ Compute the volume of all simplices.
- Returns
- volume
Point
Volume of all simplices.
- volume
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplex = [[0, 1, 2]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplex) >>> print(mesh2d.computeSimplicesVolume()) [0.5]
-
computeWeights
(self)¶ Compute an approximation of an integral defined over the mesh.
- Returns
- weights
Point
Weights such that an integral of a function over the mesh is a weighted sum of its values at the vertices.
- weights
-
draw
(self)¶ Draw the mesh.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
If the dimension of the mesh is 1, it draws the corresponding interval, using the
draw1D()
method; if the dimension is 2, it draws the triangular simplices, using thedraw2D()
method; if the dimension is 3, it projects the simplices on the plane of the two first components, using thedraw3D()
method with its default parameters, superposing the simplices.
- graph
-
draw1D
(self)¶ Draw the mesh of dimension 1.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
Draws the line linking the vertices of the mesh when the mesh is of dimension 1.
- graph
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> vertices = [[0.5], [1.5], [2.1], [2.7]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3]] >>> mesh1d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> # Create a graph >>> aGraph = mesh1d.draw1D() >>> # Draw the mesh >>> View(aGraph).show()
-
draw2D
(self)¶ Draw the mesh of dimension 2.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
Draws the edges of each simplex, when the mesh is of dimension 2.
- graph
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0], [1.5, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> # Create a graph >>> aGraph = mesh2d.draw2D() >>> # Draw the mesh >>> View(aGraph).show()
-
draw3D
(self, \*args)¶ Draw the bidimensional projection of the mesh.
- Available usages:
draw3D(drawEdge=True, thetaX=0.0, thetaY=0.0, thetaZ=0.0, shading=False, rho=1.0)
draw3D(drawEdge, rotation, shading, rho)
- Parameters
- drawEdgebool
Tells if the edge of each simplex has to be drawn.
- thetaXfloat
Gives the value of the rotation along the X axis in radian.
- thetaYfloat
Gives the value of the rotation along the Y axis in radian.
- thetaZfloat
Gives the value of the rotation along the Z axis in radian.
- rotation
SquareMatrix
Operates a rotation on the mesh before its projection of the plane of the two first components.
- shadingbool
Enables to give a visual perception of depth and orientation.
- rhofloat,
Contraction factor of the simplices. If
, all the simplices are contracted and appear deconnected: some holes are created, which enables to see inside the mesh. If
, the simplices keep their initial size and appear connected. If
, each simplex is reduced to its gravity center.
- Returns
- graph
Graph
Draws the bidimensional projection of the mesh on the
plane.
- graph
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> from openturns.viewer import View >>> from math import cos, sin, pi >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], ... [0.0, 1.0, 1.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0], ... [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2, 4], [3, 5, 6, 7],[1, 2, 3, 6], ... [1, 2, 4, 6], [1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 4, 5, 6]] >>> mesh3d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> # Create a graph >>> aGraph = mesh3d.draw3D() >>> # Draw the mesh >>> View(aGraph).show() >>> rotation = ot.SquareMatrix(3) >>> rotation[0, 0] = cos(pi / 3.0) >>> rotation[0, 1] = sin(pi / 3.0) >>> rotation[1, 0] = -sin(pi / 3.0) >>> rotation[1, 1] = cos(pi / 3.0) >>> rotation[2, 2] = 1.0 >>> # Create a graph >>> aGraph = mesh3d.draw3D(True, rotation, True, 1.0) >>> # Draw the mesh >>> View(aGraph).show()
-
exportToVTKFile
(self, \*args)¶ Export the mesh to a VTK file.
- Parameters
- myVTKFile.vtkstr
Name of the created file which contains the mesh and the associated random values that can be visualized with the open source software Paraview.
-
fixOrientation
(self)¶ Make all the simplices positively oriented.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplex = [[0, 2, 1]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplex) >>> print(mesh2d) class=Mesh name=Unnamed dimension=2 vertices=class=Sample name=Unnamed implementation=class=SampleImplementation name=Unnamed size=3 dimension=2 data=[[0,0],[1,0],[1,1]] simplices=[[0,2,1]] >>> mesh2d.fixOrientation() >>> print(mesh2d) class=Mesh name=Unnamed dimension=2 vertices=class=Sample name=Unnamed implementation=class=SampleImplementation name=Unnamed size=3 dimension=2 data=[[0,0],[1,0],[1,1]] simplices=[[2,0,1]]
-
follows
(self, starter)¶ Check if the given grid follows the current one.
- Parameters
- newGrid
RegularGrid
A new regular grid.
- newGrid
- Returns
- answerboolean
The answer is True if the newGrid directly follows the current one.
-
getClassName
(self)¶ Accessor to the object’s name.
- Returns
- class_namestr
The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).
-
getDescription
(self)¶ Get the description of the vertices.
- Returns
- descriptionstr
Description of the vertices.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> mesh = ot.Mesh() >>> vertices = ot.Sample([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]) >>> vertices.setDescription(['X', 'Y']) >>> mesh.setVertices(vertices) >>> print(mesh.getDescription()) [X,Y]
-
getDimension
(self)¶ Dimension accessor.
- Returns
- dimensionint
Dimension of the vertices.
-
getEnd
(self)¶ Accessor to the first time stamp after the last time stamp of the grid.
- Returns
- endPointfloat
The first point that follows the last point of the grid:
. The end point is not in the grid.
-
getId
(self)¶ Accessor to the object’s id.
- Returns
- idint
Internal unique identifier.
-
getN
(self)¶ Accessor to the number of time stamps in the grid.
- Returns
- nint
The number
of time stamps in the grid.
-
getName
(self)¶ Accessor to the object’s name.
- Returns
- namestr
The name of the object.
-
getShadowedId
(self)¶ Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
- Returns
- idint
Internal unique identifier.
-
getSimplex
(self, index)¶ Get the simplex of a given index.
- Parameters
- indexint
Index characterizing one simplex of the mesh.
- Returns
- indices
Indices
Indices defining the simplex of index index. The simplex
relies the vertices of index
in
. In dimension 1, a simplex is an interval
; in dimension 2, it is a triangle
.
- indices
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0], [1.5, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh2d.getSimplex(0)) [0,1,2] >>> print(mesh2d.getSimplex(1)) [1,2,3]
-
getSimplices
(self)¶ Get the simplices of the mesh.
- Returns
- indicesCollectioncollection of
Indices
List of indices defining all the simplices. The simplex
relies the vertices of index
in
. In dimension 1, a simplex is an interval
; in dimension 2, it is a triangle
.
- indicesCollectioncollection of
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0], [1.5, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh2d.getSimplices()) [[0,1,2],[1,2,3]]
-
getSimplicesNumber
(self)¶ Get the number of simplices of the mesh.
- Returns
- numberint
Number of simplices of the mesh.
-
getStart
(self)¶ Accessor to the start time stamp.
- Returns
- startfloat
The start point
of the grid.
-
getStep
(self)¶ Accessor to the step.
- Returns
- stepfloat
The step
between two consecutive time stamps.
-
getValue
(self, i)¶ Accessor to the time stamps at a gien index.
- Parameters
- kint,
.
Index of a time stamp.
- kint,
- Returns
- valuefloat
The time stamp
.
-
getValues
(self)¶ Accessor to all the time stamps.
- Returns
- values
Point
The collection of the time stamps.
- values
-
getVertex
(self, index)¶ Get the vertex of a given index.
- Parameters
- indexint
Index characterizing one vertex of the mesh.
- Returns
- vertex
Point
Coordinates in
of the vertex of index index, where
is the dimension of the vertices of the mesh.
- vertex
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh2d.getVertex(1)) [1,0] >>> print(mesh2d.getVertex(0)) [0,0]
-
getVertices
(self)¶ Get the vertices of the mesh.
- Returns
- vertices
Sample
Coordinates in
of the vertices, where
is the dimension of the vertices of the mesh.
- vertices
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh2d.getVertices()) 0 : [ 0 0 ] 1 : [ 1 0 ] 2 : [ 1 1 ]
-
getVerticesNumber
(self)¶ Get the number of vertices of the mesh.
- Returns
- numberint
Number of vertices of the mesh.
-
getVisibility
(self)¶ Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
- Returns
- visiblebool
Visibility flag.
-
getVolume
(self)¶ Get the volume of the mesh.
- Returns
- volumefloat
Geometrical volume of the mesh which is the sum of its simplices’ volumes.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0], [1.5, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> mesh2d.getVolume() 0.75
-
hasName
(self)¶ Test if the object is named.
- Returns
- hasNamebool
True if the name is not empty.
-
hasVisibleName
(self)¶ Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
- Returns
- hasVisibleNamebool
True if the name is not empty and not the default one.
-
isEmpty
(self)¶ Check whether the mesh is empty.
- Returns
- emptybool
Tells if the mesh is empty, ie if its volume is null.
-
isNumericallyEmpty
(self)¶ Check if the mesh is numerically empty.
- Returns
- isEmptybool
Flag telling whether the mesh is numerically empty, i.e. if its numerical volume is inferior or equal to
(defined in the
ResourceMap
:= Domain-SmallVolume).
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplex = [[0, 1, 2]] >>> mesh2d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplex) >>> print(mesh2d.isNumericallyEmpty()) False
-
isRegular
(self)¶ Check if the mesh is regular (only for 1-d meshes).
- Returns
- isRegularbool
Tells if the mesh is regular or not.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.5], [1.5], [2.4], [3.5]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3]] >>> mesh1d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh1d.isRegular()) False >>> vertices = [[0.5], [1.5], [2.5], [3.5]] >>> mesh1d = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> print(mesh1d.isRegular()) True
-
isValid
(self)¶ Check the mesh validity.
- Returns
- validitybool
Tells if the mesh is valid i.e. if there is non-overlaping simplices, no unused vertex, no simplices with duplicate vertices and no coincident vertices.
-
setName
(self, name)¶ Accessor to the object’s name.
- Parameters
- namestr
The name of the object.
-
setShadowedId
(self, id)¶ Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.
- Parameters
- idint
Internal unique identifier.
-
setSimplices
(self, simplices)¶ Set the simplices of the mesh.
- Parameters
- indices2-d sequence of int
List of indices defining all the simplices. The simplex
relies the vertices of index
in
. In dimension 1, a simplex is an interval
; in dimension 2, it is a triangle
.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> mesh = ot.Mesh() >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]] >>> mesh.setSimplices(simplices)
-
setVertex
(self, index, vertex)¶ Set a vertex of a given index.
- Parameters
- indexint
Index of the vertex to set.
- vertexsequence of float
Cordinates in
of the vertex of index index, where
is the dimension of the vertices of the mesh.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> simplices = [[0, 1, 2]] >>> mesh = ot.Mesh(vertices, simplices) >>> vertex = [0.0, 0.5] >>> mesh.setVertex(0, vertex) >>> print(mesh.getVertices()) 0 : [ 0 0.5 ] 1 : [ 1 0 ] 2 : [ 1 1 ]
-
setVertices
(self, vertices)¶ Set the vertices of the mesh.
- Parameters
- vertices2-d sequence of float
Cordinates in
of the vertices, where
is the dimension of the vertices of the mesh.
Examples
>>> import openturns as ot >>> mesh = ot.Mesh() >>> vertices = [[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]] >>> mesh.setVertices(vertices)
-
setVisibility
(self, visible)¶ Accessor to the object’s visibility state.
- Parameters
- visiblebool
Visibility flag.
-
streamToVTKFormat
(self, \*args)¶ Give a VTK representation of the mesh.
- Returns
- streamstr
VTK representation of the mesh.