StationaryFunctionalCovarianceModel¶

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class StationaryFunctionalCovarianceModel(*args)¶

Stationary functional covariance function.

Defines a stationary covariance model with one-dimensional output from a custom correlation function.

Parameters:

scalesequence of floats: Scale coefficient $\vect{\theta}\in \Rset^n$ . The size of $\vect{\theta}$ is the input dimension.
amplitudesequence of positive floats: Amplitude $\vect{\sigma}\in \Rset^d$ . Must be of size equal to 1. By default, equal to $[1]$ .
rhoFunction: Correlation function $\rho(\tau)$ , must have 1-d output No check is made that this is actually a correlation function so the resulting discretized matrix can have negative eigenvalues if you’re not careful enough

See also

CovarianceModel

Notes

The functional covariance function is a stationary covariance function with output dimension $d=1$ .

We consider the scalar stochastic process $X: \Omega \times\cD \mapsto \Rset$ , where $\omega \in \Omega$ is an event, $\cD$ is a domain of $\Rset^n$ .

The functional covariance function is defined by:

$C(\vect{s}, \vect{t}) = \sigma^2 \rho\left(\frac{\vect{s} - \vect{t}}{\vect{\theta}}\right), \quad \forall (\vect{s}, \vect{t}) \in \cD$

where $\rho(\tau)$ is the provided correlation function.

Examples

Create a CovarianceModel defined by a damped cosine correlation function as follows:

$\rho(\tau) = e^{-\tau}\cos \left( 2\pi\tau \right)$

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> rho = ot.SymbolicFunction(['tau'], ['exp(-tau)*cos(2*pi_*tau)'])
>>> covModel = ot.StationaryFunctionalCovarianceModel([1.0], [1.0], rho)
>>> tau = [0.1]
>>> print(covModel(tau))
[[ 0.732029 ]]

If the correlation function has hyperparameters, we must turn it into a ParametricFunction. In the example below, we illustrate this by introducing a power parameter $n$ to the dampening function:

$\rho(\tau) &= e^{-\tau}\left(\cos \left( 2\pi\tau \right)\right)^n \\ &= e^{-\tau}e^{n\times \ln\left(\cos \left( 2\pi\tau \right)\right)}$

>>> rho_param = ot.SymbolicFunction(['tau','n'], ['exp(-tau)*exp(n * log(cos(2*pi_*tau)))'])
>>> rho = ot.ParametricFunction(rho_param, [1], [2.0])
>>> covModel = ot.StationaryFunctionalCovarianceModel([1.0], [1.0], rho)

The full list of parameters for this CovarianceModel contains the parameter $n$ :

>>> covModel.getFullParameterDescription()
[scale_0,amplitude_0,n]

However, only the scale and amplitude parameters are active by default:

>>> # Get the list of all active parameters
>>> print(covModel.getParameterDescription())
[scale_0,amplitude_0]

Active parameters of a CovarianceModel are those that must be estimated. Let us make all parameters active, including $n$ . The setActiveParameter() method takes a list of integers as input: each integer is understood as the index of a parameter in the list yielded by getFullParameterDescription(). Here parameter #0 is scale_0, parameter #1 is amplitude_0 and parameter #2 is $n$ .

>>> covModel.setActiveParameter([0, 1, 2])

We can check that all parameters are now active:

>>> print(covModel.getParameterDescription())
[scale_0,amplitude_0,n]

Methods

`__call__`(*args)	Evaluate the covariance function.
`computeAsScalar`(*args)	Compute the covariance function for scalar model.
`computeCrossCovariance`(*args)	computeCrossCovariance the covariance function on a given mesh.
`discretize`(*args)	Discretize the covariance function on a given mesh.
`discretizeAndFactorize`(*args)	Discretize and factorize the covariance function on a given mesh.
`discretizeAndFactorizeHMatrix`(*args)	Discretize and factorize the covariance function on a given mesh.
`discretizeHMatrix`(*args)	Discretize the covariance function on a given mesh using HMatrix result.
`discretizeRow`(vertices, p)	(TODO)
`draw`(*args)	Draw a specific component of the covariance model with input dimension 1.
`getActiveParameter`()	Accessor to the active parameter set.
`getAmplitude`()	Get the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma}$ of the covariance function.
`getClassName`()	Accessor to the object's name.
`getFullParameter`()	Get the full parameters of the covariance function.
`getFullParameterDescription`()	Get the description full parameters of the covariance function.
`getId`()	Accessor to the object's id.
`getInputDimension`()	Get the input dimension $n$ of the covariance function.
`getMarginal`(*args)	Get the ith marginal of the model.
`getName`()	Accessor to the object's name.
`getNuggetFactor`()	Accessor to the nugget factor.
`getOutputCorrelation`()	Get the spatial correlation matrix $\mat{R}$ of the covariance function.
`getOutputDimension`()	Get the dimension $d$ of the covariance function.
`getParameter`()	Get the parameters of the covariance function.
`getParameterDescription`()	Get the description of the covariance function parameters.
`getRho`()	Correlation function accessor.
`getScale`()	Get the scale parameter $\vect{\theta}$ of the covariance function.
`getShadowedId`()	Accessor to the object's shadowed id.
`getVisibility`()	Accessor to the object's visibility state.
`hasName`()	Test if the object is named.
`hasVisibleName`()	Test if the object has a distinguishable name.
`isDiagonal`()	Test whether the model is diagonal or not.
`isStationary`()	Test whether the model is stationary or not.
`parameterGradient`(s, t)	Compute the gradient according to the parameters.
`partialGradient`(s, t)	Compute the gradient of the covariance function.
`setActiveParameter`(active)	Accessor to the active parameter set.
`setAmplitude`(amplitude)	Set the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma}$ of the covariance function.
`setFullParameter`(parameter)	Set the full parameters of the covariance function.
`setName`(name)	Accessor to the object's name.
`setNuggetFactor`(nuggetFactor)	Set the nugget factor for the variance of the observation error.
`setOutputCorrelation`(correlation)	Set the spatial correlation matrix $\mat{R}$ of the covariance function.
`setParameter`(parameter)	Set the parameters of the covariance function.
`setRho`(rho)	Correlation function accessor.
`setScale`(scale)	Set the scale parameter $\vect{\theta}$ of the covariance function.
`setShadowedId`(id)	Accessor to the object's shadowed id.
`setVisibility`(visible)	Accessor to the object's visibility state.

__init__(*args)¶

computeAsScalar(*args)¶

Compute the covariance function for scalar model.

Available usages:

computeAsScalar(s, t)

computeAsScalar(tau)

Parameters:

s, tfloats (if $n=1$ ) or sequences of floats (any $n$ ): Multivariate index $(\vect{s}, \vect{t}) \in \cD \times \cD$
taufloat (if $n=1$ ) or sequence of floats (any $n$ ): Multivariate index $\vect{\tau} \in \cD$

Returns:

covariancefloat: Covariance.

Notes

The method makes sense only if the dimension of the process is $d=1$ . It evaluates $C(\vect{s}, \vect{t})$ .

In the second usage, the covariance model must be stationary. Then we note $C^{stat}(\vect{\tau})$ for $C(\vect{s}, \vect{s}+\vect{\tau})$ as this quantity does not depend on $\vect{s}$ .

computeCrossCovariance(*args)¶

computeCrossCovariance the covariance function on a given mesh.

Parameters:

firstVerticesSample or Point: Container of the first discretization vertices
secondVerticesSample or Point: Container of the second discretization vertices

Returns:

MatrixMatrix: Container of the cross covariance

Notes

This method computes a cross-covariance matrix. The cross-covariance is the evaluation of the covariance model on both firstVertices and secondVertices.

If $firstVertices$ contains $n_1$ points and $secondVertices$ contains $n_2$ points, the method returns an $n_1 d \times n_2 d$ matrix ( $d$ being the output dimension).

To make things easier, let us focus on the $d=1$ case. Let $\vect{x}_0, \dots, \vect{x}_{n_1-1}$ be the points of firstVertices and let $\vect{y}_0, \dots, \vect{y}_{n_2-1}$ be the points of secondVertices. The result is the $n_1 \times n_2$ matrix $\mat{M}$ such that for any nonnegative integers $i < n_1$ and $j < n_2$ , $\mat{M}_{i,j} = \mathcal{C}(\vect{x}_i, \vect{y}_j)$ .

discretize(*args)¶

Discretize the covariance function on a given mesh.

Parameters:

whereMesh or RegularGrid or Sample: Container of the discretization vertices

Returns:

covarianceMatrixCovarianceMatrix: Covariance matrix $\in \cS_{nd}^+(\Rset)$ (if the process is of dimension $d$ )

Notes

This method makes a discretization of the model on the given Mesh, RegularGrid or Sample composed of the vertices $(\vect{t}_1, \dots, \vect{t}_{N-1})$ and returns the covariance matrix:

$\mat{C}_{1,\dots,k} = \left( \begin{array}{cccc} C(\vect{t}_1, \vect{t}_1) &C(\vect{t}_1, \vect{t}_2) & \dots & C(\vect{t}_1, \vect{t}_{k}) \\ \dots & C(\vect{t}_2, \vect{t}_2) & \dots & C(\vect{t}_2, \vect{t}_{k}) \\ \dots & \dots & \dots & \dots \\ \dots & \dots & \dots & C(\vect{t}_{k}, \vect{t}_{k}) \end{array} \right)$

discretizeAndFactorize(*args)¶

Discretize and factorize the covariance function on a given mesh.

Parameters:

whereMesh or RegularGrid or Sample: Container of the discretization vertices

Returns:

CholeskyMatrixTriangularMatrix: Cholesky factor of the covariance matrix $\in \cM_{nd\times nd}(\Rset)$ (if the process is of dimension $d$ )

Notes

This method makes a discretization of the model on the given Mesh, RegularGrid or Sample composed of the vertices $(\vect{t}_1, \dots, \vect{t}_{N-1})$ thanks to the discretize() method and returns its Cholesky factor.

discretizeAndFactorizeHMatrix(*args)¶

Discretize and factorize the covariance function on a given mesh.

This uses HMatrix.

Parameters:

whereMesh or RegularGrid or Sample: Container of the discretization vertices
hmatParamHMatrixParameters: Parameter values for the HMatrix

Returns:

HMatrixHMatrix: Cholesk matrix $\in \cS_{nd}^+(\Rset)$ (if the process is of dimension $d$ ), stored in hierarchical format (H-Matrix)

Notes

This method is similar to the discretizeAndFactorize() method. This method requires that requires that OpenTURNS has been compiled with the hmat library. The method is helpful for very large parameters (Mesh, grid, Sample) because it compresses data.

discretizeHMatrix(*args)¶

Discretize the covariance function on a given mesh using HMatrix result.

Parameters:

whereMesh or RegularGrid or Sample: Container of the discretization vertices
hmatParamHMatrixParameters: Parameter values for the HMatrix

Returns:

HMatrixHMatrix: Covariance matrix $\in\cS_{nd}^+(\Rset)$ (if the process is of dimension $d$ ), stored in hierarchical format (H-Matrix)

Notes

This method is similar to the discretize() method. This method requires that OpenTURNS has been compiled with the hmat library. The method is helpful for very large parameters (Mesh, grid, Sample) because it compresses data.

discretizeRow(vertices, p)¶: (TODO)

draw(*args)¶

Draw a specific component of the covariance model with input dimension 1.

Parameters:

rowIndexint, $0 \leq rowIndex < dimension$: The row index of the component to draw. Default value is 0.
columnIndex: int, :math:`0 leq columnIndex < dimension`: The column index of the component to draw. Default value is 0.
tMinfloat: The lower bound of the range over which the model is plotted. Default value is CovarianceModel-DefaultTMin in ResourceMap.
tMaxfloat: The upper bound of the range over which the model is plotted. Default value is CovarianceModel-DefaultTMax in ResourceMap.
pointNumberint, $pointNumber \geq 2$: The discretization of the range $[tMin,tMax]$ over which the model is plotted. Default value is CovarianceModel-DefaultPointNumber in class:~openturns.ResourceMap.
asStationarybool: Flag to tell if the model has to be plotted as a stationary model, ie as a function of the lag $\tau=t-s$ if equals to True, or as a non-stationary model, ie as a function of $(s,t)$ if equals to False. Default value is True.
correlationFlagbool: Flag to tell if the model has to be plotted as a correlation function if equals to True or as a covariance function if equals to False. Default value is False.

Returns:

graphGraph: A graph containing a unique curve if asStationary=True and if the model is actually a stationary model, or containing the iso-values of the model if asStationary=False or if the model is nonstationary.

getActiveParameter()¶

Accessor to the active parameter set.

Returns:

activeIndices: Indices of the active parameters.

getAmplitude()¶

Get the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma}$ of the covariance function.

Returns:

amplitudePoint: The amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma} \in \Rset^d$ of the covariance function.

getClassName()¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns:

class_namestr: The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).

getFullParameter()¶

Get the full parameters of the covariance function.

Returns:

parameterPoint: List the full parameter of the covariance function i.e. scale parameter $\vect{\theta} \in \Rset^n$ , the the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma} \in \Rset^d$ , the Spatial correlation parameter $\mat{R} \in \cS_d^+([-1,1])$ ; and potential other parameter depending on the model;

getFullParameterDescription()¶

Get the description full parameters of the covariance function.

Returns:

descriptionDescription: Description of the full parameter of the covariance function.

getId()¶

Accessor to the object’s id.

Returns:

idint: Internal unique identifier.

getInputDimension()¶

Get the input dimension $n$ of the covariance function.

Returns:

inputDimensionint: Spatial dimension $n$ of the covariance function.

getMarginal(*args)¶

Get the ith marginal of the model.

Returns:

marginalint or sequence of int: index of marginal of the model.

getName()¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns:

namestr: The name of the object.

getNuggetFactor()¶

Accessor to the nugget factor.

This parameter allows smooth predictions from noisy data. The nugget is added to the diagonal of the assumed training covariance (thanks to discretize) and acts as a Tikhonov regularization in the problem.

Returns:

nuggetFactorfloat: Nugget factor used to model the observation error variance.

getOutputCorrelation()¶

Get the spatial correlation matrix $\mat{R}$ of the covariance function.

Returns:

spatialCorrelationCorrelationMatrix: Correlation matrix $\mat{R} \in \cS_d^+(\Rset)$ .

getOutputDimension()¶

Get the dimension $d$ of the covariance function.

Returns:

dint: Dimension $d$ such that $C : \cD \times \cD \mapsto \cS_d^+(\Rset).$ This is the dimension of the process $X$ .

getParameter()¶

Get the parameters of the covariance function.

Returns:

parametersPoint: List of the scale parameter $\vect{\theta} \in \Rset^n$ and the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma} \in \Rset^d$ of the covariance function.

The other specific parameters are not included.

getParameterDescription()¶

Get the description of the covariance function parameters.

Returns:

descriptionParamDescription: Description of the components of the parameters obtained with the getParameter method..

getRho()¶

Correlation function accessor.

Returns:

rhoFunction: Correlation function $\rho(\tau)$ , must have 1-d output No check is made that this is actually a correlation function so the resulting discretized matrix can have negative eigenvalues if you’re not careful enough

getScale()¶

Get the scale parameter $\vect{\theta}$ of the covariance function.

Returns:

scalePoint: The scale parameter $\vect{\theta} \in \Rset^n$ used in the covariance function.

getShadowedId()¶

Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.

Returns:

idint: Internal unique identifier.

getVisibility()¶

Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

Returns:

visiblebool: Visibility flag.

hasName()¶

Test if the object is named.

Returns:

hasNamebool: True if the name is not empty.

hasVisibleName()¶

Test if the object has a distinguishable name.

Returns:

hasVisibleNamebool: True if the name is not empty and not the default one.

isDiagonal()¶

Test whether the model is diagonal or not.

Returns:

isDiagonalbool: True if the model is diagonal.

isStationary()¶

Test whether the model is stationary or not.

Returns:

isStationarybool: True if the model is stationary.

Notes

The covariance function $C$ is stationary when it is invariant by translation:

$\forall(\vect{s},\vect{t},\vect{h}) \in \cD \times \cD, & \, \quad C(\vect{s}, \vect{s}+\vect{h}) = C(\vect{t}, \vect{t}+\vect{h})$

We note $C^{stat}(\vect{\tau})$ for $C(\vect{s}, \vect{s}+\vect{\tau})$ .

parameterGradient(s, t)¶

Compute the gradient according to the parameters.

Parameters:

s, tsequences of float: Multivariate index $(\vect{s}, \vect{t}) \in \cD \times \cD$ .

Returns:

gradientMatrix: Gradient of the function according to the parameters.

partialGradient(s, t)¶

Compute the gradient of the covariance function.

Parameters:

s, tfloats or sequences of float: Multivariate index $(\vect{s}, \vect{t}) \in \cD \times \cD$ .

Returns:

gradientMatrix: Gradient of the covariance function.

setActiveParameter(active)¶

Accessor to the active parameter set.

Parameters:

activesequence of int: Indices of the active parameters.

setAmplitude(amplitude)¶

Set the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma}$ of the covariance function.

Parameters:

amplitudePoint: The amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma} \in \Rset^d$ to be used in the covariance function. Its size must be equal to the dimension of the covariance function.

setFullParameter(parameter)¶

Set the full parameters of the covariance function.

Parameters:

parameterPoint

List the full parameter of the covariance function i.e. scale parameter $\vect{\theta} \in \Rset^n$ , the the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma} \in \Rset^d$ , the Spatial correlation parameter $\mat{R} \in \cS_d^+([-1,1])$ ; and potential other parameter depending on the model;

Must be at least of dimension $n+\frac{d(d+1)}{2}$ .

setName(name)¶

Accessor to the object’s name.

Parameters:

namestr: The name of the object.

setNuggetFactor(nuggetFactor)¶

Set the nugget factor for the variance of the observation error.

Acts on the discretized covariance matrix.

Parameters:

nuggetFactorfloat: nugget factor to be used to model the variance of the observation error.

setOutputCorrelation(correlation)¶

Set the spatial correlation matrix $\mat{R}$ of the covariance function.

Parameters:

spatialCorrelationCorrelationMatrix: Correlation matrix $\mat{R} \in \cS_d^+([-1,1])$ .

setParameter(parameter)¶

Set the parameters of the covariance function.

Parameters:

parametersPoint

List of the scale parameter $\vect{\theta} \in \Rset^n$ and the amplitude parameter $\vect{\sigma} \in \Rset^d$ of the covariance function.

Must be of dimension $n+d$ .

setRho(rho)¶

Correlation function accessor.

Parameters:

rhoFunction: Correlation function $\rho(\tau)$ , must have 1-d output No check is made that this is actually a correlation function so the resulting discretized matrix can have negative eigenvalues if you’re not careful enough

setScale(scale)¶

Set the scale parameter $\vect{\theta}$ of the covariance function.

Parameters:

scalePoint: The scale parameter $\vect{\theta} \in \Rset^n$ to be used in the covariance function. Its size must be equal to the input dimension of the covariance function.

setShadowedId(id)¶

Accessor to the object’s shadowed id.

Parameters:

idint: Internal unique identifier.

setVisibility(visible)¶

Accessor to the object’s visibility state.

Parameters:

visiblebool: Visibility flag.

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