KrigingAlgorithm¶
(Source code
, png
)
- class KrigingAlgorithm(*args)¶
Kriging algorithm.
Refer to Kriging.
- Parameters:
- inputSample, outputSample2-d sequence of float
The samples and upon which the meta-model is built.
- covarianceModel
CovarianceModel
Covariance model used for the underlying Gaussian process assumption.
- basis
Basis
, optional Functional basis to estimate the trend (universal kriging): . If , the same basis is used for each marginal output.
Notes
We suppose we have a sample where for all k, with the model.
The meta model Kriging is based on the same principles as those of the general linear model: it assumes that the sample is considered as the trace of a Gaussian process on . The Gaussian process is defined by:
(1)¶
where:
with and the trend functions.
is a Gaussian process of dimension p with zero mean and covariance function (see
CovarianceModel
for the notations).The estimation of the all parameters (the trend coefficients , the scale and the amplitude ) are made by the
GeneralLinearModelAlgorithm
class.The Kriging algorithm makes the general linear model interpolating on the input samples. The Kriging meta model is defined by:
where is the condition for each .
(1) writes:
where is a matrix in and .
A known centered gaussian observation noise can be taken into account with
setNoise()
:Examples
Create the model and the samples:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> f = ot.SymbolicFunction(['x'], ['x * sin(x)']) >>> sampleX = [[1.0], [2.0], [3.0], [4.0], [5.0], [6.0], [7.0], [8.0]] >>> sampleY = f(sampleX)
Create the algorithm:
>>> basis = ot.Basis([ot.SymbolicFunction(['x'], ['x']), ot.SymbolicFunction(['x'], ['x^2'])]) >>> covarianceModel = ot.SquaredExponential([1.0]) >>> covarianceModel.setActiveParameter([]) >>> algo = ot.KrigingAlgorithm(sampleX, sampleY, covarianceModel, basis) >>> algo.run()
Get the resulting meta model:
>>> result = algo.getResult() >>> metamodel = result.getMetaModel()
Methods
BuildDistribution
(inputSample)Recover the distribution, with metamodel performance in mind.
Accessor to the object's name.
Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
Accessor to the input sample.
Linear algebra method accessor.
getName
()Accessor to the object's name.
getNoise
()Observation noise variance accessor.
Accessor to solver used to optimize the covariance model parameters.
Accessor to the optimization bounds.
Accessor to the covariance model parameters optimization flag.
Accessor to the output sample.
Accessor to the reduced log-likelihood function that writes as argument of the covariance's model parameters.
Get the results of the metamodel computation.
Return the weights of the input sample.
hasName
()Test if the object is named.
run
()Compute the response surface.
setDistribution
(distribution)Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
setMethod
(method)Linear algebra method set accessor.
setName
(name)Accessor to the object's name.
setNoise
(noise)Observation noise variance accessor.
setOptimizationAlgorithm
(solver)Accessor to the solver used to optimize the covariance model parameters.
setOptimizationBounds
(optimizationBounds)Accessor to the optimization bounds.
setOptimizeParameters
(optimizeParameters)Accessor to the covariance model parameters optimization flag.
- __init__(*args)¶
- static BuildDistribution(inputSample)¶
Recover the distribution, with metamodel performance in mind.
For each marginal, find the best 1-d continuous parametric model else fallback to the use of a nonparametric one.
The selection is done as follow:
We start with a list of all parametric models (all factories)
For each model, we estimate its parameters if feasible.
We check then if model is valid, ie if its Kolmogorov score exceeds a threshold fixed in the MetaModelAlgorithm-PValueThreshold ResourceMap key. Default value is 5%
We sort all valid models and return the one with the optimal criterion.
For the last step, the criterion might be BIC, AIC or AICC. The specification of the criterion is done through the MetaModelAlgorithm-ModelSelectionCriterion ResourceMap key. Default value is fixed to BIC. Note that if there is no valid candidate, we estimate a non-parametric model (
KernelSmoothing
orHistogram
). The MetaModelAlgorithm-NonParametricModel ResourceMap key allows selecting the preferred one. Default value is HistogramOne each marginal is estimated, we use the Spearman independence test on each component pair to decide whether an independent copula. In case of non independence, we rely on a
NormalCopula
.- Parameters:
- sample
Sample
Input sample.
- sample
- Returns:
- distribution
Distribution
Input distribution.
- distribution
- getClassName()¶
Accessor to the object’s name.
- Returns:
- class_namestr
The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).
- getDistribution()¶
Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
- Returns:
- distribution
Distribution
Joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
- distribution
- getInputSample()¶
Accessor to the input sample.
- Returns:
- inputSample
Sample
Input sample of a model evaluated apart.
- inputSample
- getMethod()¶
Linear algebra method accessor.
- Returns:
- methodstr
Used linear algebra method.
- getName()¶
Accessor to the object’s name.
- Returns:
- namestr
The name of the object.
- getNoise()¶
Observation noise variance accessor.
- Returns:
- noisesequence of positive float
The noise variance of each output value.
- getOptimizationAlgorithm()¶
Accessor to solver used to optimize the covariance model parameters.
- Returns:
- solver
OptimizationAlgorithm
Solver used to optimize the covariance model parameters.
- solver
- getOptimizationBounds()¶
Accessor to the optimization bounds.
- Returns:
- optimizationBounds
Interval
The bounds used for numerical optimization of the likelihood.
- optimizationBounds
- getOptimizeParameters()¶
Accessor to the covariance model parameters optimization flag.
- Returns:
- optimizeParametersbool
Whether to optimize the covariance model parameters.
- getOutputSample()¶
Accessor to the output sample.
- Returns:
- outputSample
Sample
Output sample of a model evaluated apart.
- outputSample
- getReducedLogLikelihoodFunction()¶
Accessor to the reduced log-likelihood function that writes as argument of the covariance’s model parameters.
- Returns:
- reducedLogLikelihood
Function
The potentially reduced log-likelihood function.
- reducedLogLikelihood
Notes
We use the same notations as in
CovarianceModel
andGeneralLinearModelAlgorithm
: refers to the scale parameters and the amplitude. We can consider three situations here:Output dimension is . In that case, we get the full log-likelihood function .
Output dimension is 1 and the GeneralLinearModelAlgorithm-UseAnalyticalAmplitudeEstimate key of
ResourceMap
is set to True. The amplitude parameter of the covariance model is in the active set of parameters and thus we get the reduced log-likelihood function .Output dimension is 1 and the GeneralLinearModelAlgorithm-UseAnalyticalAmplitudeEstimate key of
ResourceMap
is set to False. In that case, we get the full log-likelihood .
The reduced log-likelihood function may be useful for some pre/postprocessing: vizualisation of the maximizer, use of an external optimizers to maximize the reduced log-likelihood etc.
Examples
Create the model and the samples:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> f = ot.SymbolicFunction(['x0'], ['x0 * sin(x0)']) >>> inputSample = ot.Sample([[1.0], [3.0], [5.0], [6.0], [7.0], [8.0]]) >>> outputSample = f(inputSample)
Create the algorithm:
>>> basis = ot.ConstantBasisFactory().build() >>> covarianceModel = ot.SquaredExponential(1) >>> algo = ot.KrigingAlgorithm(inputSample, outputSample, covarianceModel, basis) >>> algo.run()
Get the reduced log-likelihood function:
>>> reducedLogLikelihoodFunction = algo.getReducedLogLikelihoodFunction()
- getResult()¶
Get the results of the metamodel computation.
- Returns:
- result
KrigingResult
Structure containing all the results obtained after computation and created by the method
run()
.
- result
- getWeights()¶
Return the weights of the input sample.
- Returns:
- weightssequence of float
The weights of the points in the input sample.
- hasName()¶
Test if the object is named.
- Returns:
- hasNamebool
True if the name is not empty.
- run()¶
Compute the response surface.
Notes
It computes the kriging response surface and creates a
KrigingResult
structure containing all the results.
- setDistribution(distribution)¶
Accessor to the joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
- Parameters:
- distribution
Distribution
Joint probability density function of the physical input vector.
- distribution
- setMethod(method)¶
Linear algebra method set accessor.
- Parameters:
- methodstr
Used linear algebra method. Value should be LAPACK or HMAT
Notes
The setter update the implementation and require new evaluation. We might also use the ResourceMap key to set the method when instantiating the algorithm. For that purpose, we can use ResourceMap.SetAsString(GeneralLinearModelAlgorithm-LinearAlgebra, key) with key being HMAT or LAPACK.
- setName(name)¶
Accessor to the object’s name.
- Parameters:
- namestr
The name of the object.
- setNoise(noise)¶
Observation noise variance accessor.
- Parameters:
- noisesequence of positive float
The noise variance of each output value.
- setOptimizationAlgorithm(solver)¶
Accessor to the solver used to optimize the covariance model parameters.
- Parameters:
- solver
OptimizationAlgorithm
Solver used to optimize the covariance model parameters.
- solver
Examples
Create the model and the samples:
>>> import openturns as ot >>> input_data = ot.Uniform(-1.0, 2.0).getSample(10) >>> model = ot.SymbolicFunction(['x'], ['x-1+sin(pi_*x/(1+0.25*x^2))']) >>> output_data = model(input_data)
Create the Kriging algorithm with the optimizer option:
>>> basis = ot.Basis([ot.SymbolicFunction(['x'], ['0.0'])]) >>> thetaInit = 1.0 >>> covariance = ot.GeneralizedExponential([thetaInit], 2.0) >>> bounds = ot.Interval(1e-2,1e2) >>> algo = ot.KrigingAlgorithm(input_data, output_data, covariance, basis) >>> algo.setOptimizationBounds(bounds)
- setOptimizationBounds(optimizationBounds)¶
Accessor to the optimization bounds.
- Parameters:
- optimizationBounds
Interval
The bounds used for numerical optimization of the likelihood.
- optimizationBounds
Notes
See
GeneralLinearModelAlgorithm
class for more details, particularlysetOptimizationBounds()
.
- setOptimizeParameters(optimizeParameters)¶
Accessor to the covariance model parameters optimization flag.
- Parameters:
- optimizeParametersbool
Whether to optimize the covariance model parameters.
Examples using the class¶
Kriging: propagate uncertainties
Kriging : multiple input dimensions
Kriging : cantilever beam model
Kriging: choose an arbitrary trend
Kriging the cantilever beam model using HMAT
Example of multi output Kriging on the fire satellite model
Kriging : generate trajectories from a metamodel
Kriging: choose a polynomial trend on the beam model
Kriging with an isotropic covariance function
Kriging: metamodel of the Branin-Hoo function
Sequentially adding new points to a kriging
Kriging: configure the optimization solver
Kriging: choose a polynomial trend
Kriging: metamodel with continuous and categorical variables
EfficientGlobalOptimization examples