Point

class Point(*args)

Real vector.

Parameters:
dimensionint, n > 0, optional

The number of components.

valuefloat, optional

The components value. Default creates a null vector.

Examples

Create a Point

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point(3, 1.0)
>>> x
class=Point name=Unnamed dimension=3 values=[1,1,1]

Get or set terms

>>> print(x[0])
1.0
>>> x[0] = 0.0
>>> print(x[0])
0.0
>>> print(x[:2])
[0,1]

Create a Point from a flat (1d) array, list or tuple

>>> import numpy as np
>>> y = ot.Point((0.0, 1.0, 2.0))
>>> y = ot.Point(range(3))
>>> y = ot.Point(np.arange(3))

and back

>>> z = np.array(y)

Addition, subtraction (with compatible dimensions)

>>> print(x + y)
[0,2,3]
>>> print(x - y)
[0,0,-1]

Multiplication, division with a scalar

>>> print(x * 3.0)
[0,3,3]
>>> print(x / 3.0)
[0,0.333333,0.333333]

Methods

add(*args)

Append a component (in-place).

at(*args)

Access to an element of the collection.

clear()

Reset the collection to zero dimension.

dot(rhs)

Compute the scalar product.

find(val)

Find the index of a given value.

getClassName()

Accessor to the object's name.

getDimension()

Accessor to the vector's dimension.

getName()

Accessor to the object's name.

getSize()

Accessor to the vector's dimension (or size).

hasName()

Test if the object is named.

isDecreasing()

Check if the components are in decreasing order.

isEmpty()

Tell if the collection is empty.

isIncreasing()

Check if the components are in increasing order.

isMonotonic()

Check if the components are in nonincreasing or nondecreasing order.

isNonDecreasing()

Check if the components are in nondecreasing order.

isNonIncreasing()

Check if the components are in nonincreasing order.

norm()

Compute the Euclidean (L^2) norm.

norm1()

Compute the L^1 norm.

normInf()

Compute the L^{\inf} norm.

normSquare()

Compute the squared Euclidean norm.

normalize()

Compute the normalized vector with respect to its Euclidean norm.

normalizeSquare()

Compute the normalized vector with respect to its squared Euclidean norm.

resize(newSize)

Change the size of the collection.

select(marginalIndices)

Selection from indices.

setName(name)

Accessor to the object's name.

__init__(*args)
add(*args)

Append a component (in-place).

Parameters:
valuetype depends on the type of the collection.

The component to append.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point(2)
>>> x.add(1.)
>>> print(x)
[0,0,1]
at(*args)

Access to an element of the collection.

Parameters:
indexpositive int

Position of the element to access.

Returns:
elementtype depends on the type of the collection

Element of the collection at the position index.

clear()

Reset the collection to zero dimension.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point(2)
>>> x.clear()
>>> x
class=Point name=Unnamed dimension=0 values=[]
dot(rhs)

Compute the scalar product.

Parameters:
pointsequence of float

Scalar product second argument

Returns:
dotfloat

Scalar product

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> prod = x.dot([4, 5, 6])
find(val)

Find the index of a given value.

Parameters:
valcollection value type

The value to find

Returns:
indexint

The index of the first occurrence of the value, or the size of the container if not found. When several values match, only the first index is returned.

getClassName()

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns:
class_namestr

The object class name (object.__class__.__name__).

getDimension()

Accessor to the vector’s dimension.

Returns:
nint

The number of components in the vector.

getName()

Accessor to the object’s name.

Returns:
namestr

The name of the object.

getSize()

Accessor to the vector’s dimension (or size).

Returns:
nint

The number of components in the vector.

hasName()

Test if the object is named.

Returns:
hasNamebool

True if the name is not empty.

isDecreasing()

Check if the components are in decreasing order.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([3.0, 2.0, 1.0])
>>> x.isDecreasing()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([3.0, 3.0, 1.0])
>>> x.isDecreasing()
False
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 3.0, 2.0])
>>> x.isIncreasing()
False
isEmpty()

Tell if the collection is empty.

Returns:
isEmptybool

True if there is no element in the collection.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point(2)
>>> x.isEmpty()
False
>>> x.clear()
>>> x.isEmpty()
True
isIncreasing()

Check if the components are in increasing order.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.isIncreasing()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 1.0, 3.0])
>>> x.isIncreasing()
False
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 3.0, 2.0])
>>> x.isIncreasing()
False
isMonotonic()

Check if the components are in nonincreasing or nondecreasing order.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.isMonotonic()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([2.0, 2.0, 1.0])
>>> x.isMonotonic()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 3.0, 2.0])
>>> x.isMonotonic()
False
isNonDecreasing()

Check if the components are in nondecreasing order.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.isNonDecreasing()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 1.0, 3.0])
>>> x.isNonDecreasing()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 3.0, 2.0])
>>> x.isNonDecreasing()
False
isNonIncreasing()

Check if the components are in nonincreasing order.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([3.0, 2.0, 1.0])
>>> x.isNonIncreasing()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([3.0, 3.0, 1.0])
>>> x.isNonIncreasing()
True
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 3.0, 2.0])
>>> x.isNonIncreasing()
False
norm()

Compute the Euclidean (L^2) norm.

The Euclidean (L^2) norm of a vector is defined as:

\norm{\vect{x}} = \norm{\vect{x}}_2
                = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2}

Returns:
normfloat

The vector’s Euclidean norm.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.norm()
3.741657...
norm1()

Compute the L^1 norm.

The L^1 norm of a vector is defined as:

\norm{\vect{x}}_1 = \sum_{i=1}^n |x_i|

Returns:
normfloat

The vector’s L^1 norm.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.norm1()
6.0
normInf()

Compute the L^{\inf} norm.

The L^{\inf} norm of a vector is defined as:

\norm{\vect{x}}_{\inf} = \max_{i=1}^n |x_i|

Returns:
normfloat

The vector’s L^{\inf} norm.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.normInf()
3.0
normSquare()

Compute the squared Euclidean norm.

Returns:
normfloat

The vector’s squared Euclidean norm.

See also

norm

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> x.normSquare()
14.0
normalize()

Compute the normalized vector with respect to its Euclidean norm.

Returns:
normalized_vectorPoint

The normalized vector with respect to its Euclidean norm.

Raises:
RuntimeErrorIf the Euclidean norm is zero.

See also

norm

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> print(x.normalize())
[0.267261,0.534522,0.801784]
normalizeSquare()

Compute the normalized vector with respect to its squared Euclidean norm.

Returns:
normalized_vectornormalized_vectorPoint

The normalized vector with respect to its squared Euclidean norm.

Raises:
RuntimeErrorIf the squared Euclidean norm is zero.

See also

normSquare

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> print(x.normalizeSquare())
[0.0714286,0.285714,0.642857]
resize(newSize)

Change the size of the collection.

Parameters:
newSizepositive int

New size of the collection.

Notes

If the new size is smaller than the older one, the last elements are thrown away, else the new elements are set to the default value of the element type.

Examples

>>> import openturns as ot
>>> x = ot.Point(2, 4)
>>> print(x)
[4,4]
>>> x.resize(1)
>>> print(x)
[4]
>>> x.resize(4)
>>> print(x)
[4,0,0,0]
select(marginalIndices)

Selection from indices.

Parameters:
indicessequence of int

Indices to select

Returns:
collsequence

Sub-collection of values at the selection indices.

setName(name)

Accessor to the object’s name.

Parameters:
namestr

The name of the object.

Examples using the class

Randomize the lines of a Sample

Randomize the lines of a Sample

A quick start guide to the Point and Sample classes

A quick start guide to the Point and Sample classes

Estimate Wilks and empirical quantile

Estimate Wilks and empirical quantile

Estimate correlation coefficients

Estimate correlation coefficients

Compare unconditional and conditional histograms

Compare unconditional and conditional histograms

Compute squared SRC indices confidence intervals

Compute squared SRC indices confidence intervals

Estimate a GEV on the Venice sea-levels data

Estimate a GEV on the Venice sea-levels data

Bandwidth sensitivity in kernel smoothing

Bandwidth sensitivity in kernel smoothing

Estimate a GPD on the Dow Jones Index data

Estimate a GPD on the Dow Jones Index data

Fit a non parametric distribution

Fit a non parametric distribution

Fitting a distribution with customized maximum likelihood

Fitting a distribution with customized maximum likelihood

Estimate a GEV on the Port Pirie sea-levels data

Estimate a GEV on the Port Pirie sea-levels data

Estimate a GPD on the daily rainfall data

Estimate a GPD on the daily rainfall data

Estimate a GEV on race times data

Estimate a GEV on race times data

Estimate a GEV on the Fremantle sea-levels data

Estimate a GEV on the Fremantle sea-levels data

Kolmogorov-Smirnov : understand the statistics

Kolmogorov-Smirnov : understand the statistics

Estimate a scalar ARMA process

Estimate a scalar ARMA process

Export a field to VTK

Export a field to VTK

Create a custom covariance model

Create a custom covariance model

Draw a field

Draw a field

Trend computation

Trend computation

Export a metamodel

Export a metamodel

Distribution of estimators in linear regression

Distribution of estimators in linear regression

Over-fitting and model selection

Over-fitting and model selection

Create a full or sparse polynomial chaos expansion

Create a full or sparse polynomial chaos expansion

Create a polynomial chaos metamodel by integration on the cantilever beam

Create a polynomial chaos metamodel by integration on the cantilever beam

Advanced polynomial chaos construction

Advanced polynomial chaos construction

Create a polynomial chaos metamodel from a data set

Create a polynomial chaos metamodel from a data set

Create a polynomial chaos for the Ishigami function: a quick start guide to polynomial chaos

Create a polynomial chaos for the Ishigami function: a quick start guide to polynomial chaos

Create a sparse chaos by integration

Create a sparse chaos by integration

Kriging: propagate uncertainties

Kriging: propagate uncertainties

Kriging : draw the likelihood

Kriging : draw the likelihood

Example of multi output Kriging on the fire satellite model

Example of multi output Kriging on the fire satellite model

Kriging: metamodel of the Branin-Hoo function

Kriging: metamodel of the Branin-Hoo function

Sequentially adding new points to a kriging

Sequentially adding new points to a kriging

Kriging: configure the optimization solver

Kriging: configure the optimization solver

Kriging: choose a polynomial trend

Kriging: choose a polynomial trend

Kriging: metamodel with continuous and categorical variables

Kriging: metamodel with continuous and categorical variables

Viscous free fall: metamodel of a field function

Viscous free fall: metamodel of a field function

Metamodel of a field function

Metamodel of a field function

Evaluate the mean of a random vector by simulations

Evaluate the mean of a random vector by simulations

Analyse the central tendency of a cantilever beam

Analyse the central tendency of a cantilever beam

Use the post-analytical importance sampling algorithm

Use the post-analytical importance sampling algorithm

Estimate a flooding probability

Estimate a flooding probability

Use the Importance Sampling algorithm

Use the Importance Sampling algorithm

Estimate a buckling probability

Estimate a buckling probability

Exploitation of simulation algorithm results

Exploitation of simulation algorithm results

Use the FORM algorithm in case of several design points

Use the FORM algorithm in case of several design points

Subset Sampling

Subset Sampling

Non parametric Adaptive Importance Sampling (NAIS)

Non parametric Adaptive Importance Sampling (NAIS)

Test the design point with the Strong Maximum Test

Test the design point with the Strong Maximum Test

Time variant system reliability problem

Time variant system reliability problem

Axial stressed beam : comparing different methods to estimate a probability

Axial stressed beam : comparing different methods to estimate a probability

An illustrated example of a FORM probability estimate

An illustrated example of a FORM probability estimate

Cross Entropy Importance Sampling

Cross Entropy Importance Sampling

Using the FORM - SORM algorithms on a nonlinear function

Using the FORM - SORM algorithms on a nonlinear function

Estimate Sobol indices on a field to point function

Estimate Sobol indices on a field to point function

Sobol’ sensitivity indices using rank-based algorithm

Sobol' sensitivity indices using rank-based algorithm

FAST sensitivity indices

FAST sensitivity indices

Estimate Sobol’ indices for a function with multivariate output

Estimate Sobol' indices for a function with multivariate output

Use the ANCOVA indices

Use the ANCOVA indices

The HSIC sensitivity indices: the Ishigami model

The HSIC sensitivity indices: the Ishigami model

Example of sensitivity analyses on the wing weight model

Example of sensitivity analyses on the wing weight model

Compute the L2 error between two functions

Compute the L2 error between two functions

Create mixed deterministic and probabilistic designs of experiments

Create mixed deterministic and probabilistic designs of experiments

Plot the Smolyak quadrature

Plot the Smolyak quadrature

Use the Smolyak quadrature

Use the Smolyak quadrature

Create a composed function

Create a composed function

Create an aggregated function

Create an aggregated function

Create a linear combination of functions

Create a linear combination of functions

Defining Python and symbolic functions: a quick start introduction to functions

Defining Python and symbolic functions: a quick start introduction to functions

Function manipulation

Function manipulation

Calibrate a parametric model: a quick-start guide to calibration

Calibrate a parametric model: a quick-start guide to calibration

Calibration without observed inputs

Calibration without observed inputs

Calibration of the logistic model

Calibration of the logistic model

Calibration of the deflection of a tube

Calibration of the deflection of a tube

Calibration of the flooding model

Calibration of the flooding model

Calibration of the Chaboche mechanical model

Calibration of the Chaboche mechanical model

Sampling from an unnormalized probability density

Sampling from an unnormalized probability density

Customize your Metropolis-Hastings algorithm

Customize your Metropolis-Hastings algorithm

Linear Regression with interval-censored observations

Linear Regression with interval-censored observations

Estimate an integral

Estimate an integral

Compute leave-one-out error of a polynomial chaos expansion

Compute leave-one-out error of a polynomial chaos expansion

Compute confidence intervals of a regression model from data

Compute confidence intervals of a regression model from data

Compute confidence intervals of a univariate noisy function

Compute confidence intervals of a univariate noisy function

Mix/max search and sensitivity from design

Mix/max search and sensitivity from design

Quick start guide to optimization

Quick start guide to optimization

Optimization of the Rastrigin test function

Optimization of the Rastrigin test function

EfficientGlobalOptimization examples

EfficientGlobalOptimization examples

Estimate moments iteratively

Estimate moments iteratively

Estimate extrema iteratively

Estimate extrema iteratively

Estimate threshold exceedance iteratively

Estimate threshold exceedance iteratively

Plot the log-likelihood contours of a distribution

Plot the log-likelihood contours of a distribution